ESS102H1 Final: GLG345-ESS241 Exam aid sheet
Document Summary
Point on earth needs to be projected onto a plane, three main types: cylindrical, conical, planar. Every map distorts, some maps try to maintain: equal area, equal angle, equal distance (to one focal point), equal shape (conformal) Stereographic preserves shape, orthographic looks realistic, azimuthal shows distance to centre point. Utm (universal transverse mercator) 60 horizontal cylinders touch the globe along a meridian covering 6 degrees each, northing = distance from equator or south pole, easting = distance from central meridian plus 500km. Basis for topographical maps: stratigraphy and geologic time. Oceans: turbidities = graded bedding as top marker, flute marks, load casts. Winds and deserts: erosion and deposition by wind in arid climates: weathering=desert varnish; flash floods=dry wash, playas; wind = ventrifacts, mesas, buttes. Stress: (action) force over area (pascal), what we want to find out. a pair of equal and opposite forces acting on unit area of a body.
