ESS102H1 Final: GLG207-ESS222 Exam Study Notes
Document Summary
Cover 65% of land, ~90% of ocean floor. Clastic = fragmental, produced by breaking of rock. Detrital = fragmental, but also transported from source. Breakdown of mafic phases (look at reactions) When it meets air it is oxidized to insoluble fe3+ Carbonates where there is no clastic sediment. Carbonate produced only in the photic zone. Preserved only above the carbonate compensation depth (ccd) Sources and traps defined by plate tectonics. Most preserved sediments are marine because oceans: Preserved or exposed by collision or compression. Sandstones rich in volcanic, plutonic rock and mineral fragments. Preserved or exposed by collision, or by compression of forearc area during subduction. Marine basins fed by orogens = flysch. Off to the sides, eg. bay of bengal. Basins on tectonically-depressed continental crust = molasse. Foreland fan of fluvial, lacustrine, shallow marine sands, mudstones, conglomerates. Series of grabens, horsts, in thinned lithosphere. Seaward-dipping reflectors - lip related to continental breakup.
