HMU126H1- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 103 pages long!)
Document Summary
France, italy, germany (many different states during 18th century). Period of transition from empires, smaller states, different countries changing. France is in the last years of the ancient regime. The war of spanish succession (1701-1714) leads to (amongst other things) the strengthening for the prussian monarchy. 1756: hapsburg (autro-hungary) and bourbon (french) empires sign a defensive treaty. Italy remains divided into city-states that have their own affiliations/treaties with the major powers. Britain is establishing the conditions that will lead to the industrial revolution and concerned with their colonies. An intellectual movement that championed reason and advanced ideas such as liberty, fraternity, constitutionality, republicanism, and the separation of church and state. Influenced heavily by the scientific revolution of the 17th century in which massive strides were made in the subjects of physics, mathematics, astronomy, and political philosophy. Saw the rise of the public sphere . Important enlightenment thinkers were denis diderot, jean jacques rousseau, david hume,
