GGR107H1 Study Guide - Final Guide: Geomorphology, Critical Geography, Quantitative Revolution
Document Summary
How can we know: through values and ethics, theoretical development, ontology/epistemology, observation and testing. What is there: ontology (the metaphysical study of nature of being and existence, ex. Realism vs. idealism: realism: the truth about the external world. How do we know: epistemology (theory of knowledge and knowing, ex. Positivism vs. social constructionism: positivism: scientific method is the best way to determine an answer, social constructionism: we construct our knowledge all the time. How do we explain what we find: theory (organized system of excepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances, ex. What should do: ethics: morality, values: outcomes of actions and beliefs: psychological state what do we believe. Values using a political compass: traditional right/left wing, now it can be divided into 4 different spaces, an economic perspective, a political perspective. Critical thinking: examining the assumptions of underlying issues.
