HIS324H1 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Kingdom Of England, Caribbean, Sugar Plantations In The Caribbean
HIS324H1
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
England, an unlikely colonizer?
Tudor-Stewart Period
- Not so interested in colonization
- Most of the colonization of the Caribbean and north Africa is from the 15th-16th century by the Portuguese
and Spanish (then French then English)
- British are at the end of the line of pan-euro exploration – early on it would have been unbelievable that
the brits would have such a colony later on
o Initial exploration was map-making and searching in frozen lands unsuccessfully
- Reign of James the I/VI (1603+) the English begin to explore more seriously
o Henry VII/VIII more concern with power, Edward was too young and sick, Mary I too focused on
religious persecution
o Domestic colonization/forced occupation of the Scots and Irish, from lords
o Elizabeth is busy in the first half settling the religious issues in the kingdom, and her own marriage
issues, and second half of reign exploration begins
o Protestant under Eliz, but what kind? This struggle takes a lot of political capital
o Helping other monarchs (Dutch) fight off the Spanish
▪ The Spanish had control of the Netherlands and massacring the protestants, and since Eliz
is the protector of the protestants she must aid the Netherlands by hurting the Spanish
colonial benefits, and stunt development
o Struggles of colonization thousands of dangerous miles away did not seem pressing
- Earlier, a private approach: state no involved until later – private investments and risks, but also private
gain from lands discovered – fishing and trading and exploitation was always part of English tradition
- By the 1580s, it becomes a more national approach to land acquirement – the previous traditions merge
with colonialism
- England becomes more stable religiously and nationally – now we can try to meet the Spanish and French
in the Naval area for exploration (eventually the royal navy and using seafaring as a political and
diplomatic tool)
- Colonialization directly corresponds with stable reigns and settling of religious issues.
- Empire was a result that was not the main goal of colonization
Glorious revolution 1688/89
- James the I/VI
- Parliament coups: decided the king who was Roman-Catholic was not appropriate for the protestant
nation, and invited his son in law to take over
o William of Orange – wife of Mary, and the military superhero of his era
- The English wanted stability and created a constitutional monarchy – parliament has to approve if the king
wants to invade, war, etc
o A morphing of interests – previously the sovereign decided for the people. Now parliament have a
strong voice of interests, and parliaments are urban, land-owning, and interested in commercial
ventures, trade, and nationalization, meant that after 1689, there is a lot more evidence of the
state directing colonization
Colonialism
- From 1600-1750s –Tudor/Stewart, private motivations, more military
- From 1750s-1903 – ore go’t direted, purposeful i a ay ot preiously, ore eratile, iterest i
deelopet epire ad ho outlyig oloies geerate oey that feed ito the eeds of go’t poliy
- 1750-1850 – After the late 1700s, industrialization changes – equality, justice, and esp rights of the British
people change. Colonies want more local autonomy, but England says no, because despite being British
ad eig told they are British, Lodo does’t see they as truly British
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o why taxation without representation?
- Colonial office will try to tell ppl in outlying areas what they can do, how much money they get, etc, and
this dislocation betw colonies and England will cause strife, revolt, independence
- Ideas of liberty and tolerance i elighteet pose halleges for the go’t
o great expansion and economic development need more land and resources and markets to keep
the engine/development going – resources and markets reach a cap
o how do you ensure that Englishness are maintained, when the colonies under your control are
different geographically, religiously, culturally, and when their technological power is as strong and
can fight back successfully?
o How much power vs freedom is the right balance to keep the peace?
- Reform: Parliament in London, in colonies
- The idea of Englishness that what is good for England is good for everyone – but do we allow them to be
equal to the English? Just as English as the English?
The industrial Revolution
- 1720s/30s, move from rural artisan production to mass factory productions, creating industry cities
- steam, railroads, mechanization
- drive the need for good and for resources, which drives colonialization further
Politics
Whigs and Tories
- Whigs are anti-Catholic and want parliament to be equal to the kig. Do’t at a stadig ary. Soe
reform of parliament – more elections and sessions. None are democrats
- Tories are also anti-Catholic, but less staunch. They like the King having slightly more power.
- Parliamentary interest in the regulation, governance, taxation, etc, plays into a parallel development of
the strengthening of parliamentary power in general
- Parliament needed to fight continental unrest in Europe (Germans, French, Russians, etc) and now they
must also fight the same battles in the outposts
o Canada becomes too expensive for England
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Most of the colonization of the caribbean and north africa is from the 15th-16th century by the portuguese and spanish (then french then english) British are at the end of the line of pan-euro exploration early on it would have been unbelievable that the brits would have such a colony later on. Initial exploration was map-making and searching in frozen lands unsuccessfully. Earlier, a private approach: state no involved until later private investments and risks, but also private gain from lands discovered fishing and trading and exploitation was always part of english tradition. By the 1580s, it becomes a more national approach to land acquirement the previous traditions merge with colonialism. England becomes more stable religiously and nationally now we can try to meet the spanish and french in the naval area for exploration (eventually the royal navy and using seafaring as a political and diplomatic tool) Colonialization directly corresponds with stable reigns and settling of religious issues.
