HMB200H1 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Working Memory, Wireless Access Point, Wicket-Keeper
HMB200H1
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Lecture 1 – Principles of Neuroscience
What is brain for? TO ACT ON ENVIRONMENT TO SURVIVE!
interpret to be able to act
Rene Descartes
human body like machine, hollow tubes like machines vibrate and produce movement, reflex
dualism: materialism (fixed biology) + spiritualism (changeable, soul)
animal soul for reflex, rational soul for modifying
PNS
• 31 pairs spinal nerves
• 12 pairs cranial nerves
• ANS
• ganglia (dorsal root ganglia, ganglia near organs)
Principles of Neuroscience
(1) CNS functions on multiple hierarchical levels
simple reflex, reflex + spine, reflex + spine + cortex
reflexes are adaptive, fast (get away from fire!), can be maladaptive
higher-level are for social behaviour, better survival
(2) Brain produces movement within perceptual world created by brain
ai eate ealit adaptie fo speies suial, o’t fo suial i that eated peeptio
Wilder Penfield
mapped brain
stimulate motor cortex → movement → finer muscle-movements = larger brain area → homunculus shows topographic organization
Feeling & acting
NOT CLOSELY CONNECTED IN BRAIN
a lot of processing between stimulus in, and movement out
somatosensory and motor have central sulcus between
ARE CLOSE IN SPINAL CORD
little processing between stimulus in, and movement out
4 SOMATOSENSORY HOMUNCULI, 1, 2, 3A, 3B
fire from 1, 3A, 3B → 2
10 MOTOR HOMUNCULI
in PRIMARY MOTOR, SUPPLEMENTARY MOTOR
Motor Cortex Organization
primary motor cortex
fie efoe oe’t
seuees of oe’t, dietio, etet, speed of oe’t
not one muscle at a time, but generate full movement e.g. reach for glass
premotor cortex
ople o’t, pepaatio, planning
sensory aspects (peanut crunch)
correct/incorrectness of action-object
ehaioual odig, sae o’t oded tie if for different behaviour
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Plasticity
FIXED? memory, reflexes
PLASTIC? able to learn, able to rehabilitate
Reorganization
Monkey, damage motor for hand movement + no rehab → area for hand shrinks, area for shoulder/elbow grows
Monkey, damage motor for hand movement + rehab → aea fo had does ot shik, egai soe oe’t
Human, damage arm → sensory area for hand not receiving info. from hand, sensory for face maps on → phantom limb
Vision
See with eyes? No, see with brain!
Eye is like camera, but brain can use any information to represent world (ROGER, BLIND, SIGNAL ON TONGUE → “EE)
V1 responds to FEATURES, I.E. HORIZONTAL LINES feature-detector
V1 → hat pathay
V1 → here pathay
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
