ITA100Y1 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Headache, Human Torpedo, Alarm Clock
11 May 2018
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Midterm #3
5A.2 Direct Object Pronouns
- Direct object receives the action of a verb directly
- Answers the what? Or Whom?
- Direct objects generally follow the verb
- Direct object pronouns replace direct object nouns
- Place direct object pronoun immediately before a conjugated verb
o Ex// Non ti vedo mai al mercato
- In two verb constructions with an infinitive, drop the final –e and attach the
pronoun to the end of the infinitive
o Ex// I funghi? Non mi piace comprarli
- In two-verb constructions with dovere, potere and volere, place the pronoun
before the conjugated verb or attach it to the infinitive
o Ex// Le devi comparare OR Devi comprarle
- In sentences with possato prossimo, place the direct object pronoun before the
conjugated form of avere (direct object pronouns are not used with verbs that
take essere)
o Ex// Vi abbiamo chiamato molte volte.
- When the direct pronouns lo, la, il and le precede a verb in possato prossimo,
past participle must agree with the pronoun in gender and number
o Ex// La pesche? I bambini le hanno mangiate
- Lo ad la a e shoteed to l’ efoe es egiig with a vowel sound,
including avere h words, do not shorten plural pronouns li and le
- Call attention to, place prounoun at the end Eccola!
5A.3 Partitives and Expressions of Quantity
- Express some or any, they refer to part of a whole or an undefined quantity
- Combine the preposition di with the definite article
- The partitive is optional and infrequent in questions
- The partitive is never used in negative statements
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- To use the partative with non-count nouns, use the singular form of the noun
and the partitive
o Ex// Compriamo dello yogurt e dell’uva
- Use the invariable expression un po’di with non-count nouns
- Alcuni/e and qualche also express some or few with countable nouns
- Alcuni (m) and Alcune (f) precede plural nouns while the invariable qualche
precedes singular nouns
o Ex// Il babbo ha portato alcuni biscotti
o Ex// Ho qualche amica napoletana
- NOTE: can you count the item? If you can then use the plural!
o Ex// latte singular needs unit of measurement
o Ex// Fragola (strawberry) pluralized=strawberries means you can
physically count them use plural!
- Other common adjectives that express quantity: motlo (a lot, many), poco (a
little), troppo (too much/many), tanto (so much/many) and tutto (all)
- Specific quantities include chilo (kilo), etto (100 grams), fetta (slice)
5B.1 Indirect Object Pronouns
- An indirect object identifies what? or whom? an action is done
- Indirect objects are always preceded by a preposition, typically a but sometimes
per
- Indirect objects can be replaced with indirect object pronouns, direct and
indirect pronouns have identical forms except in third person
- Like direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns either precede a
conjugated verb or are attached to an infinitive
- Loro is the exception, always place it after the verb and do not attach it to
infinitives. Gli is preferred way however.
- Verbs that use indirect object prounouns (like piacere): mancare, bastare,
restare, sembrare, dispiacere (all conjugated with essere in passato prossimo)
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5B.2 Adverbs
- Describe how, when and where actions take place
- Adverbs are invariable do not change in gender or number
- Some adverbs include: (non) ancora, bene, male, gia, (non) mai, sempre and
spesso
- Many Italian verbs can be formed by adding –mente to the feminine singular
form of an adjective (equivalent to –ly in English)
o allegra allegramente
- If an adjective ends in –le or –re, drop the final –e before adding the –mente
ending
o Finalmente
- Some exceptions to this rule: leggermente and violentemente, whose forms
must be memorized
- Some words can act as either adjectives or adverbs: molto (many; very), poco
(little, few; not much, not very), troppo (too much; too) and tanto (so much, so
many; so)
- In compound tenses ancora, gia, mai, piu and sempre always immediately
precede the past participle
6A.1 Reflexive Verbs
- A efleie e eflets the atio of the e ak to the sujet
- The infinitive form of the verb ends in –si
o Ex// Fabrizio si sveglia alle sette
- Made up of two parts: the verb and the reflexive pronoun (both must agree with
the subject; reflexive pronouns are the same as direct and indirect object
nouns—except for third person, si)
- Reflexive pronouns precede conjugated verb forms or are attached to the
infinitive
- Sedersi is irregular in all forms except noi and voi the stem of the irregular
form is sied—
- When a body part or an article of clothing is the object of a reflexive verb, use
the definite article with it, not the possessive adjective
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Direct object receives the action of a verb directly. Direct object pronouns replace direct object nouns. Place direct object pronoun immediately before a conjugated verb: ex// non ti vedo mai al mercato. In two-verb constructions with dovere, potere and volere, place the pronoun before the conjugated verb or attach it to the infinitive: ex// le devi comparare or devi comprarle. In sentences with possato prossimo, place the direct object pronoun before the conjugated form of avere (direct object pronouns are not used with verbs that take essere: ex// vi abbiamo chiamato molte volte. Lo a(cid:374)d la (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e sho(cid:396)te(cid:374)ed to l" (cid:271)efo(cid:396)e (cid:271)e(cid:396)(cid:271)s (cid:271)egi(cid:374)(cid:374)i(cid:374)g with a vowel sound, including avere h words, do not shorten plural pronouns li and le. Call attention to, place prounoun at the end eccola! Express some or any, they refer to part of a whole or an undefined quantity. Combine the preposition di with the definite article. The partitive is optional and infrequent in questions.
