MGY377H1 Final: Study notes for exam
25 Dec 2011
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Document Summary
Several metagenomes, bacterial genomes, and archaeal genome projects ongoing. Genome size correlates with env niche and specific lifestyle strategy of bacteria: generalist. can survive on many diff nutrients: specialist. hardy and can persist but not thrive in many places: niche affects genome. Bacterial genomes display odd biases: bacteria based in gc base pairs some favour gc base pair in dna, other favours at pairs, larger genomes in general more gc rich, small genome very at rich. Multiple forces are shaping microbial genomes: genome reduction, genome rearrangement, gene duplication, lateral gene transfer, mutation of existing gene, gene duplication. two copies of gene: horizontal gene transfer. Progenitor evolves into salmonella and e coli y. Large blocks of newly acquired genes are called genomic islands or pathogenicity islands if involved in disease y salmonella has spi1 to 5: these are pathogenicity islands. Same region exists in several other closely related species. Gene loss plays role in prokaryotic evolution.
