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Donor cell dies because dna in phage -> transducing = dna delivery via phage. F+ can only transfer to f: one direction. F+ transfers genes, create f pilus (extension of membrane) but requires cell to cell contact. Origin of transfer (orit) gets nicked and pilus pushed out: transfer apparatus similar to type 4 secretion system. Many pathogens use this to secrete toxins into host. Plasmids can piggyback along host chromosome therefore, transfer entire host chromosome. Hfr = high frequency conjugation: these strains have f plasmid integrated into host chromosome, including orit and transfer apparatus, always one-directional transfer. Which genes transferred first depends on orientation of orit. Which plasmid transferred hfr inefficient to transfer whole chromosome therefore, Recombination must also occur transfer sequences recipient must be rec+ strain. Hfr, once initiated at constant temperature, transfer at constant rate. Genes that transfer in first ten minutes, can recombine. Distance from orit if transfer hasn"t happened, long enough, no recombination.

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