MGY377H1 Final: Study notes for exam

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redtermite204

26 Dec 2011

School

UTSG

Department

Molecular Genetics and Microbiology

Course

MGY377H1

Professor

William Navarre

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Document Summary

Bacteria respond to varied environmental cues like oxygen, ph, temperature, membrane stress. Change in gene expression due to change in environment. Can result in cross protection: pretreatment at low dose of a stressor gives better protection at high dose, basis of cross protection. generally cross protection occurs when protection against two apparently unrelated stresses utilize similar or identical defense systems. Alterations in rna polymerase through its association with alternative sigma factors. Most common way to transmit signals from outside cell to cytoplasm. Modular proteins involved: have domains that can be swapped to generate new signalling molecules. Involves a histidine kinase and a response regulator. hk sensor of environmental signals y transfers phosphate from atp to response regulator y found as homo dimer. rr controls response output y often dna binding protein y phosphorylated on an aspartic acid. Steps: a signal is detected by the periplasmic domain of the histidine kinase.

Related Questions

1. What advantages do regulatory systems provide to bacteria?

Regulatory systems allow the necessary mutation of bacterial genes to enable them to adapt in different environments.

Regulatory systems enable bacteria to function normally in the absence of nutrient medium.

Regulatory systems enable faster rates of transcription when bacteria enter a new environment.
Regulatory systems provide an efficient response to protect bacteria from harmful environmental factors.

2. Why are genes related to common functions found together in operons?

Having genes with related functions together in operons provides for inhibition of undesirable processes.

Having genes with related functions together in operons provides for coordinated responses.

Having genes with related functions together in operons provides for the correct function of the operon even if some genes are mutated.

violetyak849

. Bacteria can generate energy using a variety of different electron transport chain components depending on the environment. a. List the three common components of most electron transport chains? b. Under what environmental condition would a bacterium shift its metabolism from aerobic organotrophy to aerobic lithotrophy? c. Which component(s) of the respiratory chain from 4a would change under the environmental conditions of 3b? d. Define âreverse electron flow.â What is the product and why is this process necessary?

tantoad67

Please Help. Thank you very much.

Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with their environment. Thus, a central question in ecology concerns how organisms respond to environmental variation. The flip side of this question is to ask whether the variation in characteristics of organisms is the result of variation in features of the environment. This variation can occur in space or through time.

1. Make a list of all the environmental variables that you can think of that are likely to be important to organisms. Think about plants and microbes as well as animals.

1A. One environmental change of great concern to us is climate change, specifically the prospect of human-caused global warming, a topic to which we will return. How do organisms respond to this spatial and temporal variability in the environment?

MGY377H1 Final: Study notes for exam

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