PHL100Y1 Study Guide - Final Guide: Chosen People, Glaucon, Tyrant
15 Sep 2014
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Thales water = material principle of the world, earth rests on water. Soul produces motion even magnets have souls. Anaximander principle (arche) = the limitless (eternal, changeless, contains all the worlds) Earth is cylindrical, not resting on anything balanced in middle (principle of sufficient reason) Anaximenes air = material principle, always in motion, condenses and rarefies. Xenophanes "gradualist" knowledge difficult to attain but not impossible. Parmenides poem has two parts way of truth and way of opinion. Cannot think or speak about "what is not" it does not exist. Melissus prose-version of parmenides" way of truth (also monist) Argument against motion empty space is logically impossible, therefore the world is full, therefore motion is impossible. Argues that plurality is more paradoxical than monism. Empedocles 4 elements, love and strife, eternal cycle, reincarnation, non-teleological account of the generation of animals. Democritus (and leucippus) atoms and void, combination and separation. Anaxagoras unlimited number of different things, mind as a cause.
