POL101Y1 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Canada, French Third Republic, Human Rights
POL101Y1
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Liberalism*and*democracy*are*not*the*same*thing.*And*you*can*have*one*
without* the*other:* Illiberal*democracy
Democracy)is)about)extending)power)to)the)people)–a)radical)idea
Liberalism)is)about)setting)limits)on)that)power)–a)conservative)idea
Participation*is*not*a*paradox
Who*thinks*it*and*why?
Very*few*people*spend*time*to*achieve*something*for*public*good
o
Rational*Choice*theory
•
Political*participation*is*aimed*at*producing*a*public*good*(lighthouse).
o
The*collection*action*problem
•
Taking*advantage*of*the*good*but*not*actively*producing*it
o
Free*riders
•
Someone*who*didn’t*do*anything*to*help*out*but*benefits*from*the*
reverse*of*global*warming*(can*cruise*to*polar*icecaps,*children*will*be*
able*to*live*on*dry*land*and*breathe)*–Rational*choice*theorist*believes*it*
is*better*to*be*the*free*rider*rather*than*the*someone*who*works*very*
hard*their*entire*lives.*
o
It*makes*a*lot*more*sense*to*be*the*free*rider*than*working*hard
o
If*the*benefit*or*the*outcome*you*are*working*toward*is*a*public*good,*as*
it*is*in*cases*of*political*participation,*it*is*not*rational*to*participate
o
Example:*Global*Warming*is*focus.*You*spend*all*your*time*convincing*people*
to*invest*in*clean*energy,*shut*down*oil*sands,*and*global*warming*starts*to*
better*itself.
•
Some*benefits* only*go*to*the*people* who*participate
§
Selective*Benefits
o
Things*that*you*get*for*participating*(enjoying*it)
§
Expressive*benefits
o
So*why*should* you* participate?
•
Democracy
Friday,*October*14,*2016
2:29*PM
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Things*that*you*get*for*participating*(enjoying*it)
§
Do*people*like*to*benefit*because*of*selective*benefits*or*expressive*benefits?
Schlozman,*Verba,*Brady*survey:
What*types*of*benefits*flow*from*collective*action?
•
What*is*the*meaning*of*participation*to*activists?
•
What*is*the*nature*of*different*types*of*activities?
•
Public*goods*are*non-excludable*and*non-rivalrous
Once*it*exits,*it*is*available*for*everyone.*The*use*of*the*good*by*one-person*
does*not*diminish*its*use*by* anyone* else
•
Selective*Gratification
Calling*the*city*to*fix*a*pothole.* (primarily*for*you*but*also*helps*everyone*
else
a.
Selective*material*benefits*(jobs,*help*with*career*advancements,*personal*
problems)
1.
Actually*enjoy*it,*exciting*for*them.*Meeting*people*– engaging*in*
protests/strikes,* hard*work*but*gain*strong*bonds*and*enjoying*what*
they’re*doing
a.
Selective*social*gratification
2.
Feeling*like*you*fulfilled*your*responsibility* and*feel*good*about*yourself
a.
Going*out*to*vote*as*a*sense*of*obligation
b.
Selective*civic*gratifications
3.
Collective*Policy*Outcomes
An*issue*that*they*really*care*about*the*policy*outcome,*“I*really*care*about*
global*warming”
•
Cannot*be*explained*with*a*rational*choice*theory
•
Most*people*don’t*identify*selective*material*benefits.
•
But*selective*social*gratification*is*important*for*some*(going*door*to*door*to*
campaign*for*your*candidate)
•
Civic*gratifications*have*high*results*because*the*stuff*they*are*socialized*in*
•
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Liberalism and democracy are not the same thing. And you can have one without the other: illiberal democracy. Democracy is about extending power to the people a radical idea. Liberalism is about setting limits on that power a conservative idea. Very few people spend time to achieve something for public good. Political participation is aimed at producing a public good (lighthouse). Taking advantage of the good but not actively producing it. You spend all your time convincing people to invest in clean energy, shut down oil sands, and global warming starts to better itself. o o o. It makes a lot more sense to be the free rider than working hard. If the benefit or the outcome you are working toward is a public good, as it is in cases of political participation, it is not rational to participate. Some benefits only go to the people who participate o. Things that you get for participating (enjoying it)
