PSY260H1 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Edward Thorndike, Anterograde Amnesia, Incentive Salience
Operant Conditioning:
. 127) Define Operant Conditioning.
. 128) What did Edward Thorndike do?
. 129) Describe Instrumental Learning.
. 130) What is a discriminative stimulus?
. 131) What three parts is operant conditioning made up of?
. 132) What are the four outcome types in operant conditioning? Give examples of each.
. 133) Is the r a route motor program? If not what is it?
. 134) What is a discriminative stimulus?
. 135) What are some problems with Thorndike’s experiments?
. 136) Describe the Skinner Box experiment?
. 137) Describe Pre-Training, Training, Acquisition, and Extinction phases.
. 138) What are the differences in operant and classical conditioning?
. 139) Describe Shaping & Chaining. What’s the difference between the two?
. 140) What did the mine sniffing pouch rats example show?
. 141) What is a reinforcer?
. 142) What is the difference between primary reinforcers & secondary reinforcers?
. 143) What is the difference between external and internal motivation?
. 144) What are different potential schedules of reinforcement. Describe all of them.
. 145) What is the drive reduction theory?
. 146) Describe Punishments & Reinforcements and both their effectiveness.
. 147) What is the problem with punishements?
. 148) What determines the effectiveness of operant conditioning? Describe both!
. 149) What is the matching law of choice.
. 150) Which two brain areas are responsible for operant conditioning? Describe both.
. 151) What is the basal ganglia made up of?
. 152) In rats, lesions to what brain area cause problems with discriminative stimuli?
. 153) What is reversal learning?
. 154) What is the VTA? What is it responsible for?
. 155) What is the incentive salience hypothesis?
. 156) What is the sugar pellets/rat chow experiment. Describe it.
. 157) What is the reward prediction hypothesis? (Describe the juice study).
. 158) How do opioids relate to liking value?
. 159) What are Endogenous opioids?
Memory (Declarative, Semantic, etc):
. 160) Describe the HM case?
. 161) What is anterograde amnesia?
. 162) What did we learn about memory from the HM case? (mention what surgery he
had, what types of memory was damaged, and what types of memory were intact)
. 163) What is working memory?
. 164) What is long term memory? What two types are there.
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Document Summary
137) describe pre-training, training, acquisition, and extinction phases. 144) what are different potential schedules of reinforcement. 146) describe punishments & reinforcements and both their effectiveness. 149) what is the matching law of choice. 156) what is the sugar pellets/rat chow experiment. 157) what is the reward prediction hypothesis? (describe the juice study). 162) what did we learn about memory from the hm case? (mention what surgery he had, what types of memory was damaged, and what types of memory were intact) 174) what are the three key memory processes? (which one was disrupted in hm?) 175) what two things help encode memories? (hint: a type of processing is one) 182) how do declarative memories get stored/consolidated? (name two brain regions). 189) describe the atkinson-schiffrin model of memory. (5 stages) 194) describe baddeley"s model of working memory? (3 parts). 195) describe the place and state based concepts of working memory. 197) what is cognitive control (name four components).
