PSY493H1 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Memory, Cerebral Cortex, Prefrontal Cortex
PSY493H1
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Glia:
Oligodendroglia, microglia, ependyma, astrocytes
Central nervous system: astrocyte (blood vessel), oligodendrocyte (myelin) and
microglial
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Peripheral nervous system: Schwann cell (myelin)
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Astrocytes:
Supply nutrients to neurons and regulate firing
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Comprise the Blood-brain barrier
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Protects CNS from disease and toxins
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Role in healing from stroke and spinal cord injuries
Responsible for scar tissue from lesions
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Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann (PNS)
Fatty insulation forms white matter
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Microglia
Important for the brain's immune system
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Monitors cellular states around the brain to make sure there are no infected cells
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Cleans up any dead cells
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Homeostatic regulation and brain health
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Neurons:
Sensory, interneuron, motor
All have axon, cell body and dendritic tree
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Parts of neuron
Cell body
1.
Dendrites
2.
Axon hillock
3.
Myelin sheath
4.
Synaptic terminal
5.
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Cell body
Contains vital items for functioning
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Nucleus, mitochondria, enzymes, proteins & DNA
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Cell bodies comprise the grey matter in the brain
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Dendrites
Receives signals (postsynaptic input) from all over the brain
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Different shapes for different areas and innervations
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Lecture 1
Wednesday, May 16, 2018
6:01 PM
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Axon
Carries the electrical signal
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Wrapped in fatty insulation called myelin (white matter)
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Myelin sheath - glial cells
Oligodendrocytes - CNS
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Schwann cells - PNS
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Myelin insulates the electrical signal and prevents decay along with the Nodes of Ranvier
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Axon terminal
Electrical signal ends at axon terminals
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Presynaptic
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Terminal buttons
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Release neurotransmitters
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Action potentials!
Electrochemically generate from voltage difference in the cell membrane
Membrane potential = differences in charge across a membrane
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How?
Neurons are either on or off (resting or active)
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At rest: resting membrane potential (-70mV)
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The inside is relatively more negative than the outside
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Moves Na+ out against concentration gradient
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Result in more K+ inside and more Na+ outside
ATP -> ADP
3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in
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Inside is negative relative to outside
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Definition: A rapid shift in the membrane potential of a neuron that occurs once a
neuron has been stimulated past a certain threshold!
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AP will occur IF the stimulation is strong enough
Dendrites are stimulated
AP starts at axon hillock
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
