BIOL 459 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Polymyxin B, Antimicrobial Peptides, Vancomycin

• School: University of Victoria
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL 459
• Professor: Roy Real

Document Summary

Antibiotics are substances produced by a microbe that in small amounts, inhibits another microbe. Antimicrobial drugs are synthetic substance that interfere with the growth of microbes. The use of chemicals to treat a disease. 1990- hata discovers salvarsan (arsphenamine) which if 1st effective medicinal treatment for syphilis. 1932- prontosil red dye used for strep bullet infections. Bactericidal kill microbes directly while bacteriostatic only prevent microbes from growing. Interfer w/ dna replication and transcription membrane permeability. Antimetabolites compete w/ normal substrates for an enzyme ex) sulfanilamide competes w/ paba, which stops synthesis of folic acid. Contain chemically added side chains resistance to penicillinases. Substitute c for an s and add double bond; broad spectrum. Synthetic; single ring instead of b-lactam; low toxicity; works against certain gram-negatives. Bacitracin is topical and works against gram-positives. Vancomycin is the last line against antibiotic-resistant. Inhibits the mycolic acid synthesis in mycobacteria. Inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid into cell wall.