PSYC 335 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Joint Attention, Jean Piaget, 18 Months
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYC 335
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
• Deprivation in Romania
o dictator decided parents must have as many children as possible
o bc was banned
o resulted in an increase in orphans and slower cognitive development due to neglect and lack
of nurturing environment
Historical Foundation of Study in Child Development
• 4th C
o Plato (infants are a blank slate "table massa"), Aristotle
• 1600/1700
o Locke & Rousseau
• 18th/19th C
o Social Reform Movements
• 19th C
o Darwin (studied his own child and came u with "baby biography"), Freud (psychosexual
theory) & Watson (behaviouralist/ thought the environment was the main contributor of
shaping a child)
Theme 1: Nature & Nurture
• Schizophrenia
o family and twin studies
• Epigenetic Studies
o Methylation: a biochemical process that reduces expression of a variety of genes that is
involved in regulating reactions to stress
o Cherry blossom study
▪ the fear of cherry blossom scent was passed onto the mice's offspring
Theme 2: The Active Child
• attention paterns
• use of language
• play
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Theme 3: Continuity vs Discontinuity
• is the learning ocntinuous vs discontinuous
• Developmental continuity
o alot of tiny changes over a period of time
o eg. a pine tree growing
• Developmental discontinuity
o visual depth perception of a baby (occurs at onset of 4 months)
o eg. a butterfly growing
• Piaget's Conservation of Liquid Quantity Problem
o this study is used to show that development is discontinuous
o at age of 7 the child will understand that both glasses have the same amount of liquid
Theme 4: How Change occurs
• Self-Control/ Regulation (Walter Mishel)
o inhibiting impulses, controlling
Theme 5: Social Context
• Social, culture, physical, historical era, socioeconomic status
• child poverty is a big theme due to the huge impact it has in our society (prominent in BC)
o Video
▪ sturdy relationship with adults
▪ healthy physical environment
▪ nutrition
Theme 6: Individual Differences
• how do children become different from one another?
o genetic differences
o treatment by parents and others
o reactions to similar experiences
o choices of environments
• Raising children
o 50-65% parents engage in spanking in Canada
o Research attempts to find alternative ways to deal with acting out (offering sympathy, turtle
technique, finding alternative ways to express anger)
Research
• Kaua'i Study
o longitudinal experiment (prominent in psychology)
o researcher studied 600 children over their lifetime
▪ interviews at birth, age 2, elementary school
▪ medical records, criminal records, interviews with parents and teachers
o findings showed that for infants that were born with risk factors (premature birth, etc), the
ones surrounded by a warm environment showed no consequences by the age of 2
o environment is key
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Fall 2018: deprivation in romania, dictator decided parents must have as many children as possible, bc was banned resulted in an increase in orphans and slower cognitive development due to neglect and lack of nurturing environment. Theme 2: the active child attention paterns: use of language, play. Social, culture, physical, historical era, socioeconomic status child poverty is a big theme due to the huge impact it has in our society (prominent in bc: video sturdy relationship with adults, healthy physical environment, nutrition. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder facial deformities, mental retardation, attention problems, hyperactivity, etc. 3000 babies born with fasd each year characterized by smaller eyes, thin upper lip, smooth philtrum. Cigarettes slow fetal development low birth weight. Placing babies on back avoid wrapping infant in too many blankets avoid overheating firm mattress and no pillow. Beginning age, nutrition, emotional state, mental illness, disease: approx.
