BIOL 2111 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Dystrophin, Nitrocellulose, Ribonucleotide
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Question 1
Which of the following is NOT a channel in the RNA polymeraseenzyme?
RNA exit channel | ||
DNA entry channel | ||
DNA exit channel | ||
Nucleotide exit channel |
Question 2
A promoter region upstream of a bacterial gene typically has thesequence TTGACA in the -35 position and TATAAT in the -10 position.If there was a 5 bp insertion at the -40 position, such thateverything downstream was shifted (ie: the "-35 element" is now atthe -30 from the transcription start site), which of the followingwill occur?
Sigma protein will not bind and so no transcription willoccur. | ||
RNA polymerase will not bind and so no transcription willoccur. | ||
Sigma protein will bind to its target sequences and sotranscription will start 5bp downstream from the originaltranscription start site. | ||
Sigma protein will bind as usual and transcription will startappropriately at the transcription start site. |
Question 3
A person has a mutation that prevents TFIIH from being produced.Which of the following outcomes will occur?
No transcription because TFIID will not be able to bind. | ||
No transcription because the DNA strand will not be opened. | ||
Transcription will occur, but it will not be in the correctposition. | ||
Transcription will occur as usual. |
Question 4
There are 4 rRNAs produced to make both subunits of theribosome. How many transcripts are required to produce these 4rRNAs?
1 | ||
2 | ||
3 | ||
4 |
Question 5
True or False: the 5' 7m-Gppp cap is attached to the start codonof the mRNA.
True. | ||
False, the cap is attached to the 5'-untranslated region. | ||
False - the cap is attached to the 3'-untranslated region. | ||
False, the cap is attached to the polyA tail. |
Question 6
During the splicing mechanism, which of the following joins twoexons together?
A 2'OH attacks a 5' phosphate | ||
A 5' phosphate attacks a 2'OH | ||
A 3'OH attacks a 5' phosphate | ||
A 5' phosphate attacks a 3'OH Question 7 After their experiment in Neurospora, Beadle and Tatum concludedthat each single genes code for single enzymes. Do you agree withtheir statement, why or why not? |
QUESTION 1
How is a bone marrow transplant able to treat someone with leukemia?
The donor blood contains antibodies that destroy cancer cells | ||
Donor blood contains stem cells that regenerate cells in the immune system | ||
Bone marrow contains induced pluripotent stem cells that turn into red blood cells | ||
Bone marrow contains tumor supressor genes that slow down leukemia growth | ||
Bone marrow contains pluripotent human embryonic stem cells |
1.2 points
QUESTION 2
What would happen if siRNAs designed to target mRNA from an oncogene were introduced into cancer cells?
Increased genomic instability would result from adding foreign nucleic acids | ||
New mutations would arise in the oncogene | ||
The oncogene would be converted back into a proto-oncogene | ||
The siRNAs would compete with the oncogene's active site | ||
Production of the oncogene protein would decrease |
1.2 points
QUESTION 3
What is the purpose of chromatin-remodeling enzymes in human cells?
The enzymes control the rate of translation of an mRNA transcript | ||
The enzymes add phosphate or methyl groups to histone tails | ||
The enzymes slide nucleosomes farther apart or closer to each other | ||
The enzymes send damaged proteins to the proteasome for degradation | ||
The enzymes cause DNA looping to occur |
1.2 points
QUESTION 4
If you wanted to resurrect the mammoth, how would you do it?
Use somatic cell nuclear transfer to insert the mammoth genome into the egg of an elephant | ||
Use transcription factors to re-program adult cells from elephants into mammoth cells | ||
Change the gene expression patterns of elephants to increase production of mammoth genes | ||
Use siRNAs to decrease expression of elephant-specific genes in an elephant embryo |
1.2 points
QUESTION 5
How is eukaryotic transcription initiated?
RNA polymerase is recruited to the start codon by transcription factors | ||
RNA polymerase begins transcription at the enhancer sequence | ||
RNA polymerase is activated by binding to GTP | ||
An initiator tRNA binds to the ribosome | ||
A complex of proteins forms at the promoter of a gene |