MSCI 2130 Study Guide - Final Guide: Uniform Resource Locator, Network Architecture, Network Operating System
7 May 2018
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Chapter 4: Computer Hardware, Communications, and Networking
Definitions:
• Affinity Portal: a Web site that offers a single point of entry to an
entire community of affiliated interests
• Arithmetic Logic Unit: portion of the CPU that performs the
mathematical calculations and makes logical comparisons
• Backbone Networks: high speed central networks to which multiple
smaller networks connect
• Bandwidth: the transmission capacity of a network, stated in bits per
second
• Binary Form: the form in which data and instructions can be read by
the CPU – only 0s and 1s
• Bit: short for binary digit, the only data that a CPU can process
• Broadband: the transmission capacity of a communications medium
faster than 4 Mbps
• Broadcast Media: communications channels that use electromagnetic
media to transmit data
• Browsers: software applications through which users primarily access
the Web
• Byte: an 8-bit string of data, needed to represent any one
alphanumeric character or simple mathematical operation
• Cable Media: communications channels that use physical wires or
cables to transmit data and information
• Cache Memory: a type of high-speed memory that enables the
computer to temporarily store blocks of data that are used more often
and that a processor can access more rapidly than main memory
(RAM)
• Central Processing Unit (CPU): hardware that performs the actual
computation or number crunching inside any computer
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• Client/Server Computing: form of distributed processing in which
some machines (servers) perform computing functions for end-user
PCs (clients)
• Clients: coputers, such as users’ persoal coputers, that use ay of
the services provided by servers
• Coaxial Cable: insulated copper wire; used to carry high speed data
traffic and television signals
• Control Unit: portion of the CPU that controls the flow of information
• Commercial (Public) Portal: a Web site that offers fairly routine
content for diverse audiences; offers customization only at the user
interface
• Communications Channel: pathway for communicating data from one
location to another
• Computer Network: a system that connects computers and other
devices via communications media so that data and information can
be transmitted among them
• Corporate Portal: a Web site that provides a single point of access to
critical business information located inside and outside of an
organization
• Digital Signals: a discrete pulse, either on or off, that conveys
information in a binary form
• Distributed Processing: network architecture that divides processing
work between two or more computers, linked together in a network
• Domain Name System: the system administered by the Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names that assigns names to each site on
the Internet
• Domain Names: the name assigned to an Internet site, consisting of
multiple parts, separated dots, which are translated from right to left
• Enterprise Network: a orgaizatio’s etwork coposed of
interconnected multiple LANs and WANs
• Ethernet: a common local area network protocol
• Extranet: a network that connects parts of the intranets of different
organizations
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