63-175 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Nerve, Muscle, Homeostasis

68 views268 pages
12 Oct 2018
Department
Course
63-175
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Unlock document

This preview shows pages 1-3 of the document.
Unlock all 268 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in
Unlock document

This preview shows pages 1-3 of the document.
Unlock all 268 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in
Week One (Sept. 11-15, 2017)
Anatomy and Physiology I
Chapter One: An Introduction to the Human Body (Pgs. 1-21)
1.1 Anatomy and Physiology Defined
Anatomy is the science of body structuctures and the relationships among them.
Physiology on the othe rhand is the science of body functions - how the body parts work.
The structure of a part of the body often reflects its functions. For example, the bones of the
fingers are more loosely joined to allow a variety of movements. The walls of the air sacs in the
lungs are very thin, permitting rapid movement of gases (O2 and CO2 into and out of blood
stream).
The table below describes several branes of anatomy and physiology:
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Unlock document

This preview shows pages 1-3 of the document.
Unlock all 268 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in
1.2 Levels of Structural Organization and Body
Systems
There are six levels of organization of the human body. They are as follows:
1. Chemical Level: Includes atoms, the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical
reactions, and molecules (two or more atoms joined). Examples includes, Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Calcium, DNA and glucose.
2. Cellular Level: Molecules combine to form cells (ie. nerve, muscle, epithelial cells).
3. Tissue Level: Tissues are groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work
together to perform a particular function. There are four levels of tissue:
a.i. Epithelial Tissue - covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and forms
glands.
a.ii. Connective Tissue - connects, supports and protects body organs while
distributing blood vessels to other tissue.
a.iii. Muscular Tissue - contracts to make body parts move and generates
heat.
a.iv. Nervous Tissue - carries information from one part of the body through
another through nerve impulses.
4. Organ Level: Different types of tissues are joined together. Organs are structures that
are composed of two or more different types of tissues; they have specific functions. For
example, the stomach’s outer covering is a layer of epithelial and connective tissue that
reduces friction. Underneath are three layers of a type of muscular tissue called smooth
muscle tissue that contract to churn and mix food. The innermost lining is an epithelial
tissue layer that produces fluid and chemicals responsible for digestion.
5. System (organ-system) Level: A system consists of related organs with a common
function. An example is the digestive system.
6. Organismal Level: Consists of all the parts of the human body functioning together to
make up the total organism.
The following table lists the components and introduces the functions of the body systems.
Body System Components and Functions
Integumentary
System (Ch. 5)
Components: Skin, hair, finger and toe nails, sweat and oil glands.
Functions: protects body, regulates temperature, eliminates some
wastes, detects sensations (touch, warmth, pain), stores fat and
provides insulation.
Skeletal System
(Ch. 6 - 9)
Components: Bones and joints and their associated cartilages.
Functions: Supports and protects body, houses cells that produce
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Unlock document

This preview shows pages 1-3 of the document.
Unlock all 268 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

Get access

Grade+20% off
$8 USD/m$10 USD/m
Billed $96 USD annually
Grade+
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
40 Verified Answers