NURS 1750 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Tight Junction, Chondrocyte, Nervous Tissue
28 Jun 2018
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Anatomy and Physiology Study Questions
Questions and Answers
Human Body - Week One
1. Define Anatomy and Physiology
2. Name the six levels of organization of the human body:
3. Name the eleven body systems along with each of their functions and components:
4. Name the four basic life processes and briefly describe them.
5. Define catabolism and anabolism.
6. Define Homeostasis.
7. Homeostasis disruptions can be from:
8. Name and describe the three basic components of a feedback system:
9. There are two types of feedback systems that work to maintain homeostasis. State and
give three points for each.
10. Name and describe the following directional terms.
Directional
Term
Definition Example of Use Opposite Term
Proximal
Distal
Ipsilateral
Contralateral
Superficial
Deep
Interior
Superior
Anterior
(Ventral)
Posterior
(dorsal)
Medial
Lateral
Intermediate
11. Other body positions include the prone position, in which the body is ___________, and
the supine position, in which the body is ___________.
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12. Define the following planes:
a. Stagittall Plane:
b. Midasgittal Plane (median plane):
c. Midline:
d. Parasagittal Plane:
e. Frontal (coronal) Plane:
f. Transverse Plane:
g. Oblique Plane:
13. Draw a diagram for the nine abdominal regions and another diagram for the four
abdominal quadrants.
14. Name the four body cavities and a few of the organs/body parts that they consist of:
15. What is a serous membrane?
16. Define Parietal and visceral layer.
Cellular Level of Organization - Week Two
1. An average adult has ___________.
2. Name the three main parts of cells.
3. Describe what the plasma membrane is and four of its functions.
4. Describe what the cytoplasm is and what it consists of.
5. Cytosol/intracellular fluid contains ___________, ___________, and ___________.
6. The nucleus holds most of a cell’s ___________.
7. What is the fluid mosaic model?
8. State the following functions of the following membrane proteins:
a. Ion Channel:
b. Carrier (transporters):
c. Receptor (integral):
d. Enzyme (integral and peripheral):
e. Linker (integral and peripheral):
f. Cell Identity Marker:
9. What are amphipathic molecules? Give two examples found in the cell membrane.
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10. Name and describe three proteins found in the plasma membrane.
a. Integral Proteins:
b. Peripheral Proteins:
c. Glycoproteins:
11. How does cholesterol act as a temperature buffer? Explain how it acts at lower and
higher temperatures.
Cholesterol:
○ At lower temperatures,
○ At high temperatures
12. Define Impermeable, Selectively-Permeable and Permeable.
13. Lipid bilayer is highly permeable to ______________________.
14. Give at least five examples of substances that the lipid bilayer is permeable to.
a. O2, CO2, steroids, small, uncharged polar particles (ie. water and urea).
15. Lipid bilayer is impermeable to ____________________________________________
16. The more ___________ is, the greater the membrane’s permeability to it.
17. Define the electrical and concentration gradient.
a. Electrical Gradient:
b. Concentration Gradient:
18. What is membrane potential (when does it occur)?
19. What the electrical and concentration gradient is combined, it is called ___________.
20. The two ways that substances move through the plasma membrane is through. Describe
the difference between the two.
21. Name the types of passive processes, give a description and include any sub-categories
22. Give an example of carrier-mediated diffusion.
23. Give three factors that influence diffusion.
24. Define the following terms:
a. Toxicity:
b. Hypertonic:
c. Isotonic:
d. Hypotonic:
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Document Summary
State and give three points for each: name and describe the following directional terms. What is the fluid mosaic model: state the following functions of the following membrane proteins: Give two examples found in the cell membrane: name and describe three proteins found in the plasma membrane. Explain how it acts at lower and higher temperatures. Peroxisome: name options for proteins that leave the golgi complex, define transcription and translation, ___________cell division (cells inbody not gametes (sex cells)) replace dead or injured cells, adds new cells during tissue growth. Mitosis is a process in which two sets of chromosomes are distributed into two separate nuclei, resulting in ______________________: name and describe each of the six phases of asexual cell reproduction (mitosis), meiosis goes through ___________ twice. ___________, in which the number of chromosomes is ______________________: what is apoptosis , the cell has three possible destinies.
