Anatomy and Cell Biology 3309 Study Guide - Final Guide: Stratum Basale, Lamina Propria, Smooth Muscle Tissue
22 May 2018
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OVIDUCT
OVIDUCT
- Where sperm meets oocyte to form zygote
- Smooth muscle of fimbrae take oocyte from ovary
- Ampulla
o Ciliated cells
▪ help move oocyte through
▪ after ovulation, increased progesterone = increased ciliated cell expression
o nonciliated cells
▪ produce nutritious fluid
- isthmus
- intramural segment
UTERUS
- zygote
- 2 layers:
o Myometrium
▪ 3 smooth muscle layers (diff orientations)
▪ during pregnancy, must have thicker uterus to expel baby so...
• hypertrophy (smooth muscle cell gets larger)
• hyperplasia (increase in cell number)
▪ contacts during parturition (oxytocin)
▪ has arcuate artery - supplies endometrium
o Endometrium
▪ Supplied by arcuate artery
▪ Has endometrial glands that fold into lamina propria
▪ 2 layers:
• stratum basale
o only supplied by capillary
• stratum functionalis
o only supplied by spiral artery (have sinusoids)
o this is the layer that is gets lost during menstration
- blood supply:
o arcuate arteries – supply endometrium through myometrium
o radial branch
o straight arteries
o spiral artery – supply stratum functionalis
o capillaries – supply stratum basale
- menstration:
o progestational phase →decrease progesterone = spiral artery contracts
o ischemic phase→stratum functionalis has hypoxia (endothelial cells die and blood leaks
out)
o stratum functionalis layer is lost
o increased estrogen during 1st part of next menstrual cycle = regeneration of
endometrium by endometrial glands
- ovarian cycle:
o proliferative phase: (9)
▪ high estrogen = endometrial glands grow and create stratum functionalis
o *ovulation occurs*
o secretory phase: (13)
▪ high progesterone = secrete nutrient rich environment for implantation
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Document Summary
Where sperm meets oocyte to form zygote. Smooth muscle of fimbrae take oocyte from ovary. Ampulla: ciliated cells, help move oocyte through, after ovulation, increased progesterone = increased ciliated cell expression, nonciliated cells, produce nutritious fluid isthmus intramural segment. Placenta produces hormones that maintain the corpus luteum to continue to produce progesterone to maintain endometrium: menstrual phase: (1) if no implanation, low progesterone = shedding of stratum functionalis of endometrium. Vagina cytoplasm of the cells looks empty accumulation of glycogen vagina epithelium produces glycogen because : protective low vaginal ph, bacteria of vagina eat the glycogen and produce lactic acid (low ph, antimicrobial mechanism. Mammary glands compound tubuloalveolar gland with lots of lobes. Modified apocrine sweat gland (produces milk not sweat: apocrine release each lobe opens up separately on the surface of the nipple. Inner cells undergo apoptosis: luminal cells, myoepithelial cells, squeeze product out.
