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Biology 2382B Study Guide - Final Guide: Rous Sarcoma Virus, Protein Kinase, G1 Phase

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pucespider269
19 Aug 2017
School
Western University
Department
Biology
Course
Biology 2382B
Professor
Robert Cumming

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Document Summary

Facs cell cycle analysis: you can see that in g1 most cells only have dna value of 50, but in g2, they have a. Dna value of 100: you can also see that there are 2000 cells in the g1 phase and less cells in s and g2, different cells are going to have different amount of cells in each phase. Cytological features of cycling cultured human hela cells: you (cid:28662)(cid:28660)(cid:28673) (cid:28678)(cid:28664)(cid:28664) (cid:28682)(cid:28667)(cid:28668)(cid:28662)(cid:28667) (cid:28662)(cid:28664)(cid:28671)(cid:28671)(cid:28678) (cid:28660)(cid:28677)(cid:28664) (cid:28680)(cid:28673)(cid:28663)(cid:28664)(cid:28677)(cid:28666)(cid:28674)(cid:28668)(cid:28673)(cid:28666) (cid:28672)(cid:28668)(cid:28679)(cid:28674)(cid:28678)(cid:28668)(cid:28678), (cid:28661)(cid:28680)(cid:28679) (cid:28684)(cid:28674)(cid:28680) (cid:28662)(cid:28660)(cid:28673)"(cid:28679) (cid:28679)(cid:28664)(cid:28671)(cid:28671) (cid:28682)(cid:28667)(cid:28668)(cid:28662)(cid:28667) (cid:28662)(cid:28664)(cid:28671)(cid:28671)(cid:28678) (cid:28660)(cid:28677)(cid:28664) (cid:28666)(cid:28674)(cid:28668)(cid:28673)(cid:28666) (cid:28668)(cid:28673)(cid:28679)(cid:28674) (cid:28674)(cid:28677) leaving mitosis. Concept of cell cycle control system: system based on cyclically activated kinases, progression through cell cycle is regulated, checkpoints ensure things should proceed: Is environment favorable: is there enough nutrients. Is dna damaged: machinery stops if things go wrong, check point proteins: Involves 3 protein families, 2 of which are enzymes: kinases, phosphorylates, phosphatases, remove phosphates, cyclins, *identified in yeasts, but function is almost identical in humans, it is highly conserved.

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Related Questions

Receptor tyrosine kinases (you may want to review this family of receptors) have a ligan-binding domain on the outside of a cell and a kinase domain on the inside of the cell. Select all tru statements:

1.Antibodies can be used to block the ligand-binding domain

2.Antibodies can be used to block the activity of the kinase domain

3.ATP and its analogs bind the kinase domain

4.The signal (ligand binding) is often transduced through dimerization of the receptor

5.Upon ligand binding the receptors localize to the nucleus to change gene expression

6.Because they have extracellular domains, hydrophilic drugs can easily target these receptors

THIS IS WORTH A LOT OF QUESTIONS becasue of the amount ofquestions and it is very important to me. I have answered themajority of the questions already and know which ones are for surecorrect so I will know. Please write beside a question you dontknow that you are unsure but think its A, B, C, or D. Thank youvery much.


ALSO, FOR QUESTION 14 THE PICTURE IS ATTACHED


1. Which of the following types of bonds wouldbe LEAST likely in a receptor-ligand interaction?

  1. Ionic bond

  2. Covalent bond

  3. Hydrogen bond

  4. Hydrophobic interaction

  5. Ionic bond

2. Ka, the association constant, is a measureof which of the following?

  1. The concentration of unbound ligand

  2. The concentration of unboundreceptor

  3. The affinity of receptor for ligand

  4. The size of the receptor relative to theligand

  5. The number of ligands for eachreceptor

3. Receptors that are multivalent tend to bindto their ligands more strongly than receptors with a single bindingsite. What is the term used to describe this phenomenon?

  1. Avidity

  2. Valency

  3. Affinity

  4. Magnetism

  5. None of the above

4. Which of the following BEST describes howcytokines are released from activated T cells?

  1. Cytokines are released near where T-cellreceptors are clustered.

  2. T cells release cytokines on the side of thecell opposite the MTOC in order to more efficiently

    distribute the response around thecell.

  3. T cells release cytokines evenly around thecell.

  4. Cytokines are released in short bursts frompre-formed vesicles full of cytokines.

  5. Cytokines are released in whatever directionthe MTOC happens to be facing upon TCR ligation.

5. Receptors that dimerize upon ligand bindingoften contain______________in their cytoplasmic domains.

  1. tyrosine kinases

  2. hydrophobic regions

  3. proteases

  4. metal-binding regions

  5. large immunoglobulin folds

6. Portions of the cytoplasmic domains of manyimmune receptors are targets for phosphorylation. These domains areknown as:

  1. Grb domains.

  2. ITAMs.

  3. leucine zipper motifs.

  4. SOS domains.

  5. None of the above

7. Lipid rafts are highly ordered regions ofthe cell membrane that are enriched in:

  1. unsaturated fats.

  2. cholesterol.

  3. metabolic proteins.

  4. clathrin.

  5. tubulin.

8. Which of the following are well establishedways that tyrosine phosphorylation directly affects signalingpathways?

  1. Inducing kinase activity

  2. Recruiting enzymes through SH2domains

  3. Opening calcium channels

  4. Both a and b

  5. Both b and c

9. Which of the following is the CORRECTrelationship?

  1. PIP2= PIP3

33 Different glycoproteins can have a diverse array of oligosaccharides. Which of the statements below for making glycoproteins on plasma membrane is true?

(a) Extensive modification of oligosaccharides occurs in the extracellular space.

(b) Initial oligosaccharide chains are made by addition of one sugar at a time onto the protein in the ER lumen.

(c) Each layer of Golgi membrane structures contains identical modification enzymes for modifying sugar chain on proteins.

(d) ER lipids can be modified by sugar chain, which can be used for sugar chain modification of the proteins.

34 In a multicellular organism, when a signal needs to be sent to most cells the signal most suited for this is a ___________.

(a) neurotransmitter.

(b) hormone.

(c) dissolved gas.

(d) plasma membrane anchored ligands.

35 Typically, members of the steroid hormone receptor family __________________.

(a) are cell-surface receptors.

(b) do not undergo conformational changes by binding to their ligands.

(c) are found mainly in the nucleus when ligand is not available.

(d) interact with signal molecules that diffuse through the plasma membrane

36 Which of the following statements about what happens when a G-protein-coupled receptor activates a hetero trimeric G protein is true?

(a) The β subunit exchanges its bound GDP for GTP.

(b) The GDP bound to the α subunit is phosphorylated to form bound GTP.

(c) The α subunit exchanges its bound GDP for GTP.

(d) It activates the α subunit and inactivates the βγ complex

37 Which of the following statements about signal transduction is false

(a) Ca2+ concentration in cytosol will increase when PLC (Phospholipase C) is activated by signal.

(b) Cyclic GMP is made in smooth muscle cells when they received NO signal.

(c) SH2 domain containing proteins can be expected to interact activated RTK.

(d) Ligand binding to RTK activates its enzyme activity then the activated RTK phosphorylates tyrosine residues on itself.