Biology 2382B Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Lipid-Anchored Protein, Autophosphorylation, Gtpase

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Ras (a gtpase switch protein) and its regulation (gef, gap, sos) Monomeric g protein, gtpase superfamily, lipid anchored protein. Similar to g but smaller, low gtpase activity, is not linked directly to cell-surface receptors. Ras activity is regulated by gefs and gaps. 20-30% human cancers: ras binds gtp but no hydrolysis, mutation of glycine-12 which prevents binding gaps (rasd protein) Fgf-induced ras activation: step1, ras is inactive (anchored to the membrane by prenylation, fgf binds fgf receptor monomers (fgfr, autophosphorylation sets up docking scaffold for adapter proteins containing. Oncogenic receptors promote proliferation in absence of ligand. Human epidermal growth factor receptors (hers: epidermal growth factor (egf) family, four rtks: her1 to her4, her2 does not directly bind a ligand, her2 can form heterodimers. Immune cell would recognize the cancer that herceptin binds to and get rid of it. Ras/map kinases pathway operation (raf, mek, mapk), egf. Raf can be seen as an effector protein.

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