Biology 2483A- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 101 pages long!)

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Environmental science: environmental problems and the solutions to them. Ecology sits at the intersection of many other disciplines. Ocean shoreline has patches of seaweed, rock, woodland, grassland, etc. Physics (temp, wind speed for example) or chemistry. Illustration: sieve is antibiotic, and the brown bacteria are killed by the antibiotic, blue are resistant. Some resistant ones will be selected, some brown ones get through the sieve though too. Produ(cid:272)ers do(cid:374)"t have to eat a(cid:374)other orga(cid:374)is(cid:373) to get e(cid:374)ergy (cid:271)ut get it fro(cid:373) a(cid:374) e(cid:454)ter(cid:374)al sour(cid:272)e (pla(cid:374)ts fro(cid:373) su(cid:374), (cid:272)he(cid:373)i(cid:272)al o(cid:454)idation in bacteria) Energy goes one way through life on earth (unidirectional) but is not 100% efficient at each level, some energy is lost as heat. Nutrients cycle, unlike energy which is a one way flow. Nutrients stay in the cycle and they can start at any point in the cycle. At the very least, organisms are interconnected through the food web, consumers.