Biology 2581B Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Glutamine, Allele-Specific Oligonucleotide, Alkyl

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Mutation: a genetic change in dna sequence that can be inherited. Mutant: an organism who experiences a change in dna sequence. Not all changes we see are necessarily genetic changes. Wt: norm, most frequent, seen first. Most mutations don"t have an obvious effect and there can be neutral changes: depends when and where mutations occur. Environmental components can impact whether you see if a mutation has an effect or not. Mutation: change in phenotype: altered appearance, growth conditions, behavior, molecules. Base pair substitutions: change 1 base pair and since dna is double stranded, it affects both strands. Transition: replaced by the opposite purine/pyrimidine: molecule with similar structure replacing the other one. Transversion: purine replaced by pyrimidine/pyrimidine replaced by purine: replaced by a molecule with a different structure. Insertions: something gets inserted into dna that was not there before. Inversions: inverted and flipped over: reverse compliment. Translocations: move a double stranded sequence somewhere else.

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