Biology 2581B Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Rubik'S Revenge, Inosine, Transfer Rna

12 views7 pages

spectral

3 Jun 2020

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Study Guides, a Grade+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

61 triplet encode for 20 amino acids. Redundant: several codons for one amino acid) G or u, therefore there are multiple codons that code for the same amino acid (in bacteria only 31 trna molecules necessary to decode 61 codons) Aminoacyl trna synthetases = couple each amino acid to their appropriate set of trnas (anticodons) trna synthetases probe for chemical and structural complementarity with trna using one or more of several criteria: Structural features of trna all coupled amino acids go through editing site: correct amino acids do not fit, incorrect amino acids fit and are hydrolysed (accuracy with editing is about one mistake in 40,000 couplings) 2 adaptors in translation process: aminoacyl-trna synthetase, linking the correct amino acid to a trna, trna anticodon, binding to a matching codon on mrna. Proteins are synthesized from the n- to c-terminus, the protein chain is transferred to the incoming trna, amino acids are connected by a peptide bond.

Related Questions

Fill in the blank. Elongation during translation does NOT involve ____________.

Question 16 options:

	the translation of codons according to the genetic code
	the formation of bonds catalyzed by the ribosome
	complementary base pairing between RNA molecules
	amino acids being linked together in a polypeptide
	reading the DNA template 3' to 5'

For a given gene, what establishes the reading frame for translation?

Question 17 options:

	the location of the enhancer relative to the gene
	the first three nucleotides at the 5' end of the mRNA
	the first three nucleotides at the 3' end of the mRNA
	the start codon in the mRNA
	the location of the promoter relative to the gene

Which of the following is the LEAST likely direct consequence of a substitution mutation?

Question 18 options:

	changing the length of a protein coded for by a gene
	changing one amino acid in a protein
	creating a stop codon
	eliminating a start codon
	changing the length of the DNA molecule containing a gene

Suppose that the pre-mRNA transcript from a eukaryotic gene is 30,000 nucleotides long, and the gene codes for a sequence of 300 amino acids. What is the best explanation for the relationship between these numbers?

Question 19 options:

	only the first 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated
	it takes 100 nucleotides to specify a single amino acid
	300 of the nucleotides in the transcript are important, and the rest are "junk"
	only the last 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated
	large portions of pre-mRNA transcripts are cut out during RNA processing

Suppose an individual is born into a population with a novel mutation. Is the new mutation an evolutionary change, and why?

Question 20 options:

	no, because it is not a big enough change to count
	yes, because new mutations are always adaptive
	yes, because the appearance of a new genetic variant is a genetic change in a population
	no, because not enough individuals have the mutation for it to matter
	no, because most mutations are not adaptive

Biology 2581B Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Rubik'S Revenge, Inosine, Transfer Rna

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

Biology 2581B Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Selaginella, Plasmodium, Heterochromatin

Biology 2581B Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Methionine, Transfer Rna, Proline

Biology 2581B Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Partial Function, Antennapedia, Haploinsufficiency

Related Questions