Biology 1002B Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Homochirality, Housekeeping Gene, Ribozyme
30 Apr 2018
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February Test Notes
KEY IDEAS - Cycle 1-4
• There are two genomes in a cone cell, the mitochondrial and nuclear
• If the housekeeping gene is altered, the cells will not form colonies and they will die
• Formation of Earth and life: between 500 and 800 million years ago
• Reaction catalyzed by a ribozyme vs. enzyme
o Ribozyme: does not need a ribosome to function
o Enzyme: requires a ribosome to function
o Both of these catalysis require transcription, and both are susceptible to
denaturation (have hydrogen bonding)
• RNA is known to be one the first molecules to evolve (earlier than DNA) since DNA is
unable to fold into elaborate shapes (can also function as proteins); RNA can fold
extensively
• Importance of homochirality:
o Having chiral receptors is not favourable in an evolutionary way because you would
have to have two chiral receptors for every growth factor (two pathways)
o To keep complexity of biochemistry down, ensure body complexity and exactness
o Going against the trend of universal homochirality would mean you have two chiral
receptors instead of one, like most biochemistry
• Similarities with the human eye and the Chlamydomonas eyespot: they both rely on
similar membrane-spanning proteins that bind retinal
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