Biology 1002B Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Metaphase, Dna Replication, Restriction Point
Secretory Pathways
• Constitutive
o Secreted outside the mb, regular flow of protein receptors, proteins -
outside the cytosol
o
• Regulated
o Intracellular signaling pathway
• Insulin
o Proteins that go through translation and able to be packaged in reserves
wait for something to trigger its release
o Triggers signals include hormones or neurotransmitters … calcium
o Calcium comes into the cell to trigger release by ligand gated channel or
IP3 channels - voltage gated channels - the PIP pathway from G protein
OR tyrosine kinase receptor
Mutations
• Missense mutation
o change in nucleotide sequence leads to change in amino acids
o This slight change in sequence has a profound impact on structure an
protein function
o One single amino acid change can cause change in secondary structure,
which impacts tertiary structure which impacts function
o Change polar from non-polar - not flexible and cant transport oxygen
properly and deforms RBC's - hemoglobin vs myoglobin
• Nonsense mutation
o Premature termination of a polypeptide
o Accidental code for stop codon
• Silent mutations
o Change in amino acid sequence BUT leads to same amino acid
• Wobble effect thank you!
• Frameshift
o Inserting or deletion a single nucleotide or triplet
• Shift the reading frame
• The fat cat sat = hef atc ats at
The cell cycle
• How does the cell progress from one phase to another?
• What if one phase goes wrong, should the cell be able to interrupt division?
o Crucial event in mitosis that you would look for before splitting the cells
apart…metaphase plate!
o Cell organizes the chromosomes and lines them up using spindle fibers
(made of microtubules)
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Document Summary
Intracellular signaling pathway: secreted outside the mb, regular flow of protein receptors, proteins , triggers (cid:523)signals(cid:524) include hormones or neurotransmitters calcium, calcium comes into the cell to trigger release by ligand gated channel or. Ip3 channels - voltage gated channels - the pip pathway from g protein. Or tyrosine kinase receptor: proteins that go through translation and able to be packaged in reserves wait for something to trigger its release. Inserting or deletion a single nucleotide or triplet: shift the reading frame, the fat cat sat = hef atc ats at. Is there enough of everything to split the cell. Checkpoints: g0 restriction checkpoint influenced by growth factors, nutrients, cell size, dna damage, insufficient telomeres. )f not sufficient to carry on trigger apoptosis. Influenced by cell size, dna damage, proper dna replication: g2/m transition, can have another holding period. If nothing wrong carry out mitosis: meta/ana transition.
