Biology 1002B Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Silent Mutation, Spliceosome, Ribosomal Rna
31 May 2016
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4bya mitochondria enveloped, allowed for ox-phos: allowed by cyanobacteria (enveloped 2. 2bya) produced oxygen. Identify the paradox for why prokaryotes are biochemically complex don"t develop morphological complexity. Don"t have/can"t produce enough energy: can"t afford extra dna. Need to develop nuclear membrane, membrane-bound organelles, cytoskeleton, etc . Relationship between surface area and volume as cells get larger. Each ox-phos unit has its own dna (proximity) Chemiosmosis, using a chemical and energy (proton) gradient to power the production of energy. Pmf energy that is in a proton gradient, mvolts or watts. Relationship between chemiosmotic membranes (units) and need for genes to code for its proteins. Ox-phos units (chemiosmotic membranes), require localized dna: needed to repair faster, this genome also codes for essential proteins, each chemiosmotic unit has its own dna (genome x units = total dna) Genome size relationships between e. coli, epulopisculium and eukaryotes. E. coli is tiny relative to epulopisculim (giant bacteria), eukaryotes is thousands of times larger.
