Biology 1201A Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Sister Chromatids, Kinetochore, Centrosome

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silverdeer761

2 Apr 2018

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Main features of each stage of mitosis with respect to cytoskeleton and chromatin. Chromatin is dna and its structural proteins (histones) that it wraps itself around. It is during the metaphase where the chromosomes have completed their condensation and have assumed their shape characteristic based on the location of the centromere and the length and thickness of the chromatid arms. During anaphase, the chromatids separate and move to the opposite spindle poles (kinetochores are the first sections of the chromosome to move towards the opposite poles) In telophase, the spindle dissembles and the chromosomes at each of the spindle poles de- condense and return to the extended state that they were in during interphase. Cytoskeleton: contributes to the architecture and transport system of the cell. Then during the prophase, the centrosome separates and starts moving to the opposite sides of the cell; as this is happening, microtubules are forming spindles.

Related Questions

1) A tissue in a mouse contains two types of cells: one that divides rapidly and one that divides more slowly. The most likely difference between these two cell types is that the slow-dividing cell type spends more time in phase

G1, G2, G3, M, or S

2) In meiosis II

a- four genetically identical cells are generated

b- sister chromatids are separated

c- DNA replication occurs

d- crossing over occurs

e- both a and b

3) The four haploid nuclei found at the end of meiosis differ from one another in their exact genetic composition. Some of this difference is the result of?

a- cytokinesis

b- replication of DNA during the S phase

c- separation of sister chromatids at anaphase II

d- spindle formation

e- crossing over during prophase I

4) Which of the following does not occur during mitotic prometaphase?

a- disappearance of the nuclear envelope

b- initial movement of chromosomes towards the equatorial plate

c- adhesion of chromatids at the centromere

d- pairing of homologous chromosomes

e- disappearance of the nuclei

What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Question options:

	chromatin is one of two identical strands of DNA.
	chromosomes are chromatin that has been tightly packed and coiled.
	chromosomes are composed of nucleosomes and chromatin is composed of sister chromatids.
	chromosomes are important in mitosis and chromatin is essential to meiosis.

Bacterial cells only reproduce asexually and cannot exchange genetic material.

Question options:

	True, because they undergo binary fission.
	False, because they transfer genetic material with other bacterial cells.
	True, because they have a cell wall that prevents sharing of genetic material.

After a visit to a specialist, Dan was diagnosed with liver cancer. Six months later additional tumors were found in his stomach and small intestine. This is an example of

Question options:

	malignant tumors.
	benign tumors.
	Both malignant tumors and metastasis are correct.

Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis?

Question options:

	DNA is replicated.
	Replicated chromosomes divide.
	Cells line up along the equator of the cell.

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

Question options:

	prophase -- mitotic spindle forms
	metaphase -- chromosomes line up along the equator
	telophase -- cytoplasm divides

Why is hair loss a common side effect of cancer treatments?

Question options:

Hair cells are at the surface of the body so die easily.

Hair cells divide rapidly and so are targeted by the cancer drugs.

Cancer drugs often target and kill random cells within the body.

From "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer," how are endostatins used to treat cancerous cells?

Question options:

	They prevent angiogenesis by cancerous cells.
	They promote growth of new blood vessels to feed cells.
	They bind to receptors on cancerous cells and prevent cells from reproducing.

6. Meiosis and mitosis are both processes that involve nucleardivision. What is the difference between the two?

7. Daughter cells resulting from meiosis:

a) have only one member of each homologus pair
b) have only one member of each pair of alleles
c) have half as many chromosomes as the parentcell
d) all of these
e) none of these.

8. The centromere is a region in which:

a)chromatids remain attached to one another untilanaphase.
b) metaphase chromosomes become aligned at the metaphaseplate.
c) chromosomes are grouped during telophase.
d) the nucleus is located prior to mitosis.
e) new spindle microtubules form at either end.

9. Which of the following does not occur duringmitosis?

a) condensation of the chromosomes
b) replication of the DNA
c) separation of sister chromatids
d) spindle formation
e) separation of the spindle poles.

10. What is the relationship between interphase and celldivision? (Why are they both needed?)

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Biology 1201A Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Sister Chromatids, Kinetochore, Centrosome

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