Biology 2244A/B Final: Bio2244A Final Exam Review Notes

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apricotwoodchuck111

20 Oct 2011

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Variable: characteristic of a person or think that can be assigned a number or category. Categorical variables: ordinal ranked in meaningful order (small, medium, large, non-ordinal no meaningful order (ex. colour) Quantitative variables: continuous measure on a continuous scale (ex. Weight: discrete possible values are listed (ex. Sample: the set of objects that you can actually observe. Sample size (n): number of observations in a sample. Population: the set of all objects you are ultimately interested in. Steps in statistical analysis: select a sample, collect data from the sample, organize and summarize the data, draw conclusion about the population based on the sample. When looking at shapes of distributions we can describe: modality (unimodal, bimodal, symmetry (tails/skewing, bell curve, flatness (bell-shaped, uniform) Measures of centre are different from measures of dispersion: May have same centre but different dispersion and vice versa (lecture 4)

Related Questions

1. What is a âlognormalâ distribution? Have you heard this kind of a distribution under a different name?

Lognormal distribution is a distribution of relative abundances of species by plotting the abundance of species as a frequency distribution in which each abundance interval is twice the preceding one (1, 2, 4, 8).

-It is a statistical expectation

-Product of many random environmental variables acting on the population of species

2. Why would a species survey with a greater sample size show a more complete lognormal distribution than a survey with a smaller sample size?

3. What two factors are considered in a quantitative diversity index? How do these factors differ from each other?

4. Explain how environmental heterogeneity can generate both aquatic and terrestrial plant diversity.

5. Consider the intensity of some disturbance in a community along a gradient (lowâ¦ mediumâ¦ high intensity). Use a âGoldilocks and the Three Bearsâ analogy to explain how species diversity can be shaped by disturbance along such a gradient.

1. An index of dispersion greater than 1 indicates clumping whereas an index less than 1 indicates a uniform distribution. What does the difference between the two answers (0.17 & 1.92) tell you about the effect of measurement scale (size of quadrat)?

2. Describe different processes discussed in the book, lecture and/or background information above that could explain a clumped pattern and a uniform pattern.

can anyone help with this really super basic lab? Feel free tomake up data, highschool level information please!

You are NOT limited to the suggested projects listed below.Think up your own unique research project!!

Projects should involve observation/measurement of livingorganisms-plants, animals, fungi, humans. They should be designedto answer a question or to test a hypothesis. Examples ofhypotheses would be; "Plants will grow more if there is morerainfall" Or "Students will get higher grades if they study more."Sample size is important when possible; make multiple measurementsof several individuals. Your project must be something thatproduces DATA that can eventually be graphed. There should be adependent variable and an independent variable. For example,"amount of rainfall" would be an independent variable and "how fastplants grow" the dependent variable.

Projects should take approximately three hours, total, tocomplete, not counting the write up, which will be a separate lab.Detailed instructions on writing your report are attached. Keepyour project simple and manageable. Submit your first project bythe due date for Project 12 (July 7th)**Please make sure that yourassignment gets to me by the due date. You will still be able toupload your assignment after the due date, but it will be marked aslate, and you will lose some points for being late.

A few examples of projects:

Is there a correlation between the size of a dog, and how longit lives? For this you will need about ten dead dogs! Ask aroundamong friends, classmates, family, about dogs that died a naturaldeath. Find out each dog's age at death, and approximate weight. Alarger sample size here would be even better. Can you explain thecorrelation?

Do humans have a physiological response (difference in pulse,blood pressure, etc.) to music? Choose three different categoriesof music, such as classical, folk, rock, or none (silence). Have atleast five people in your study, and measure their pulse (or bloodpressure) both before and after they have listened to the music for5-10 minutes. Graph the increase (or decrease) in their pulse forthe different types of music. GRAPH THE AVERAGE values for yoursubjects, not value for each individual.

Is there a correlation between a person's usual amount of sleep,and how well they perform on memory tasks? Devise a SIMPLE memorytest-it could be just to study a list of twenty random words, andthen to recall as many as possible. Give this test to at least fourpeople who usually get (a) less than 6 hours sleep, (b) 6-7 hourssleep and (c) 8 or more hours. Or, choose your own categories.Amount of sleep is your independent variable (X axis) and AVERAGEscores on the test, the dependent variable. (Y axis). GRAPH THEAVERAGE!

Include ALL relevant observations and information in precisedetail. If possible, include illustrations of your experiment, yoursubjects, your work in progress, etc.

Format for writing your Research Report:
1. Introduction

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Biology 2244A/B Final: Bio2244A Final Exam Review Notes

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