Biology 2244A/B Study Guide - Skewness

You genotype a C/T SNP from a sample of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) from the arctic at two locations, Canada and Siberia, and get the following genotype frequencies.

Canada

c-/c- 9

c+/c- 26

c+/c+ 30

Siberia

c-/c- 28

c+/c- 32

c+/c+ 15

A) What is the frequency of the c- allele in each population?

B) What fraction of heterozygosity is missing (FIS) in each population?

C) What is the average of the expected frequency of heterozygotes over all populations (HS)?

D) What is the average allele frequency over all populations?

E) What is the total expected heterozygosity frequency (HT)?

F) What is the fraction of heterozygosity missing due to differences in allele frequencies between populations (FST)?

1. How are humans able to affect and alter the phenotype of other organisms through artificial selection? What are they doing that causes a shift in the gene frequencies for "desirable" traits?

2. How are complex structures able to be formed from evolution despite the fact that they would not be able to function with any of their parts missing?

In a mixed polymer experiment, artificial messenger RNAs were created with the ratio of bases of 1/5 C: 4/5 U.

What will be the expected codons and their frequencies on the resulting RNA molecule?

Using the Genetic Code table, predict the frequency/percentages of amino acids that would be found after translating this synthetic RNA.