Biology 4611F/G Study Guide - Final Guide: Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

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Mitosis, meiosis, and dna test review: dna is made of nucleotides, nucleotides are linked together in a string. The sugar of one nucleotide is attached to the phosphate group of the next, and the nitrogen bases stick out from one side of this sugarphosphate backbone. In each dna molecule, the number of adenine nucleotides equals the number of thymine nucleotides, and the number of cytosine nucleotides equals the number of guanine nucleotides. If the nucleotides are strung in a straight line, a typical dna molecule would be over a metre long. Somehow, the dna molecule must be compressed: adenine and thymine were always present in equal amounts, as were amounts of guanine and cytosine. These paired nitrogen bases are called complementary base pairs: dna was similar to the handrails and steps in a spiral staircase. The sides (or handrails) of the dna molecule were made up of two twisted strands made of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate molecules.

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