Biology 4611F/G Final: Bio Exam Notes Final

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23 Jul 2015

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Lecture 13 inheritance of varia2on. Clicker ques5on: most gene5c disorders are associated with recessive alleles. In general recessive alleles tend to be rare b. ) They are the most evolu5onary t alleles b. ) If a harmful allele is dominant, it is eventually weeded out through selec5on. If a bene cial allele is dominant, it increases in frequency very quickly. If a bene cial allele is recessive, it increases in frequency but much slower. Of an individual: propor5on of heterozygous loci (higher is more diverse)and the inbreeding. Of a popula5on: propor5on of polymorphic loci (the frac5on of individuals in a popula5on that are heterozygous) Melanin is shipped out of in melanosome organelles into skin cells and results in the pigmenta5on of the skin. Asp mc1r is turned o and deac5vates cyclic amp producing pheomelanosomes and red pigment. The black allele is always on and dominance arises from the expression of those alleles. The allele frequencies will not change but much b. )

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

Jim is blood type A, his brother John is type O and his sister Jane is type AB. What are the genotypes of their parents?

Which of the following is true for alleles that show incomplete dominance?

Heterozygotes have a genotype like the dominant allele.

Homozygotes have a genotype like the recessive allele.

Heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the dominant and recessive alleles.

Homozygotes have the same phenotype as the heterozygotes.

QUESTION 3

Which principle of inheritance concluded that when games are formed in meiosis, the two alleles of each gene separate from one another, and each gamete receives only one allele?

independent assortment

Which term best describes a condition in which alleles at one locus can alter the expression of alleles at another locus?

polygenic inheritance

A single unit of genetic information located on a chromosome defines:

The physical expression (appearance or function) of an organism's genes defines:

genotype

a single characteristic

Palomino horses (golden color with a blond mane) are an incompletely dominant trait produced by the combination of the chestnut color allele and the cream color allele. If you wanted to produce as many palominos as possible, which mating strategy below would be the best choice?

Which term best describes the effect of a single gene on multiple aspects of the phenotype?

polygenic inheritance

QUESTION 9

Which term best describes the separate expression of both alleles for a single trait in the same cell?

polygenic inheritance

QUESTION 10

One form of a gene found on a single chromosome defines:

A chocolate lab (whose mother was a yellow lab) is mated with a black lab whose genotype is BbEe. What fraction of the offspring would be expected to be yellow labs?

What type of allele is always expressed regardless of whether the individual is homozygous or heterozygous for it?

Both the dominant and recessive alleles

Given the parents AABBGgHhrr Ã AabbGgHhRr, assume simple dominance and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to have the genotype AaBbggHHrr?

___________________ is defined as having two of the same type of allele for a particular trait.

The physical position of an allele on a single chromosome defines:

Which term best describes two or more genes affecting the phenotype in an additive fashion?

codominance

polygenic inheritance

GENETICS : You perform a dihybrid cross between two dogs that are each BbFf. Where not specified otherwise, assume black fur B is completely dominant to white fur b and furry F is completely dominant to hairless f

1. What genotypes at one locus will be epistatic to what genotypes at the other locus, if hair color and hair presence were the only measured phenotypes? (you may find it helpful to write out the genotypes and the phenotypes each would produce, and remember that epistasis is involved in this question).

What phenotypic ratios would you expect in the following scenarios (assume, unless otherwise noted, that the epistasis in part 1 still applies)?

2. Black B is completely dominant to albino b, furry F is completely dominant to hairless f

3. Black displays incomplete dominance to albino , and furry is codominant with hairless

4. Animals that are heterozygous at either locus are black and furry, overriding the other locus' geneotype

5. The black allele B displays epistasis when present at even one copy that masks the effects of the hairless f allele

6. It takes two black B alleles to mask the effects of the hairless f allele

7. Both the black alleles B and furry alleles F are lethal in their homozygous dominant states

8. Both the albino alleles b and hairless alleles f are lethal in their homozygous recessive states

9. Female dogs die when they have homozygous recessive or homozygous dominant states for either locus (dogs use XY inheritance for sex like we do). Note sex of doss in your phenotype ratios.

10. The black allele B although completely dominant, is the only 70% penetrant in heterozygotes and is 90% penetrant in homozygotes for the B allele

11. The hairless allele f is dominant in males and recessive in females

1. Three common alleles of the B (black) gene control coat color in most mammals: BB = black coat bb = dark brown coat bl bl = light brown coat They have the following dominance relationship: B > b > bl This notation means that B is dominant to both other alleles, and b is dominant to bl. How many genotypes are possible for black cats?

2. This is Part A of a two-part question. In Part A you'll choose the word to remove from this sentence, in Part B you'll choose the word to replace it with. Consider the following incorrect statement: In a heterozygote for a dominant/recessive allele pair we see the phenotype associated with both of the alleles. Part A Which underlined word makes the sentence incorrect? Part B Which word should replace the word you removed in Part A, to make the statement correct? In a heterozygote for a dominant/recessive allele pair we see the phenotype associated with both of the alleles.

3. Why do red blood cells heterozygous for the ABOA and ABOB alleles react to both Type A and Type B antisera?

4. Consider a mutation in a membrane-transport protein like CFTR. Which kind(s) of amino acid change in a trans-membrane segment would you expect to decrease the ability of the segment to stay in the membran A) Replacing a hydrophobic amino acid with a hydrophilic one B) Deleting a string of 3 hydrophobic amino acids C) Inserting a single hydrophilic amino acid D) Replacing a hydrophilic amino acid with a hydrophobic one E) None of the above choices are correct.

Biology 4611F/G Final: Bio Exam Notes Final

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