Classical Studies 2300 Midterm: Genetics Midterm 2 Study Notes
4 Apr 2018
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Document Summary
Genomes: a set of genetic instructions within a biological compartment. Feeding: endosymbiosis, entrapment, transfer of control, genetic integration. Chloroplast: rare case of mitochondrial genome loss in parasites, rare loss of chloroplast genome, nucleomorphs can arise if euk providing 2* chloroplast doesn"t fully lose nuclear genome. Still, presumably, perform crucial function: ex: nuclear-encoded organelle-targeted proteins. Small or large # of bp or nu. Intact vs fragmented (genomes can have a combo) Within a genome; chromosomes can have diff structure. A. k. a: the end- replication problem (shortening of ends, means each chromosome has a limit b4 duplication & replication problems arise) Telomerase; adds nucleotides to the ends to prevent this shortening, but only active in vivo and early life. ** creates closed single stranded loops on ends of dna to protect telomeres and allow continuous replication. Methylation, regulation etc. also, linearization could have evolved by chance and is thusly an evolutionary ratchet.
