History 1401E Study Guide - Final Guide: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Cesare Beccaria, Toleration

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The enlightenment is, in its narrow definition, an intellectual movement that touched the elites of. Yet it is also generally understood to have been much more than that, and to have opened a new age for european minds in general. How did the enlightenment influence europeans beyond the narrow circles around the great philosophes? . Understanding that the state must tolerate religious minorities and provide a safe living environment for those practicing religions other than protestantism and catholicism. A separation between the church and the state the government lacked authority in the realm of individual conscience, as this was something rational people could not cede to the government for it or others to control: penal reforms. The idea of rehabilitation making criminals into good, loyal, wholehearted citizens again. The use of torture to extract confessions from criminals/people. The idea that punishment should be proportional to the crime committed i. e: someone who stole food should not be sentenced to life imprisonment.

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