Kinesiology 4432A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Middle Cerebral Artery, Anterior Cerebral Artery, Superior Cervical Ganglion

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14 Apr 2018

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At 2% of the body mass, the brain takes 15% of total cardiac output because of its high metabolic activity at rest but limited ability to store energy substrates or oxygen. Some organs get more blood flow than others. These are the blood vessels that lie outside of the brain. They will also lie under the dura mater, surface of the brain. We have 4 vessels that come in to the brain: internal carotid, mid cerebral, anterior communicating and posterior communicating. Middle cerebral artery branches off the circle of willis; the middle artery goes up the insular cortex region up through the large/middle part of the brain; it also perfuses the subcortical gray matter (hippocampus, putainmen, megidula, thalamus) You do have anterior cerebral arteries and posterior cerebral cortex; anterior: it is all about cognitive parts of the brain as well as the pre-frontal; posterior: visual cortex. Cerebrovascular anatomy: pial to intra-pare(cid:374)chy(cid:373)al, neural i(cid:374)(cid:374)ervatio(cid:374), the (cid:862)(cid:374)eurovascular u(cid:374)it(cid:863)

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10- With respect to regulation of fatty acid metabolism chose the FALSE statement from those below?

a) ACC and FAS synthesis is stimulated by Insulin

b) ACC and FAS synthesis is stimulated by the well-fed state

c) Starvation leads to an increase in the synthesis of ACC and FAS.

d) Adipose tissue levels of lipoprotein lipase also are increased by insulin and decreased by starvation.

e) The long-term regulation of fat metabolism is achieved by alteration of the rate of enzyme synthesis and turn-over

14-With respect to the clinical significance of ketogenesis, which of the statements below are FALSE?

a) The Ketone bodies are relatively strong acids

b) The increase of ketone bodies in the blood lowers the pH of the blood.

c) The acidification of the blood by an increase of ketone bodies in the blood is dangerous because it impairs the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen

d) A severe increase of ketone bodies in the blood occurs in untreated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

e) none of the above

15-With respect to ketogenesis, which statement below is FALSE?

a) Acetoacetate and b-hydroxybutyrate are major substrates for the biosynthesis of neonatal cerebral lipids.

b) In early stages of starvation, the heart and skeletal muscle consumes primarily ketone bodies to preserve glucose for use by the brain.

c) The fate of the products of fatty acid metabolism is determined by an individual's physiological status.

d) Ketogenesis takes place only in the liver.

e) all of the above

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Kinesiology 4432A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Middle Cerebral Artery, Anterior Cerebral Artery, Superior Cervical Ganglion

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