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Kinesiology 3337A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Fembot, Coronary Artery Disease, Physical Fitness

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olivewombat473
17 Dec 2017
School
Western University
Department
Kinesiology
Course
Kinesiology 3337A/B
Professor
Glen Belfry

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Document Summary

Glucose pyruvate pyruvate oxidation acetyl coa citric acid cycle respiratory chain. Some amino acids are broken down from proteins to enter glycolysis. Glycerol is broken down from lipids to enter glycolysis. Fatty acids are broken down from lipids to become acetyl coa to enter the citric acid cycle. Excess fatty acids are turned back into lipids. Purines and some amino acids are broken down from proteins as well as pyrimidines. Storage component refers to access glucose stored as lipids. Metabolism: rq respiratory quotient = co2 produced / o2 consumed. Respiratory quotient is used in bmr basal metabolic rate calculations when estimated from co2 production in ratio to o2 being consumed by the body. It takes different amounts of o2 to oxidize different substrates into co2 and h2o. Cho: if it was a ratio of 1:1 then it would look like 6o2=6co2. Fats: ratio to oxidize palmitic acid is 0. 69 (a saturated fatty acid)

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Related Questions

Question 18

The process that forms new glucose in the liver is called ...

A.

glycogenolysis

B.

Krebs cycle

C.

lipolysis

D.

gluconeogenisis

E.

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 57

A person exercises in their “fat burning zone” for 4 hours at 35% VO2peak. The O2 cost of exercise at that work rate is 0.5L/minute. Following exercise the subject rewards himself with an ice-cream sundae (700kcal). The following statement is true(assume 5kcal/lit of O2):

A.

The subject is in neutral energy balance

B.

The subject consumed fewer calories than they expended during exercise

C.

The subject consumed more calories than they expended during exercise

D.

Can’t say

Question 52

The primary purpose of the citric acid cycle is...

aerobic glycolysis

gluconeogenesis using lactate

the decarboxylation of carbon compounds to produce NADH.

the shuttling of hydrogen ions through the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 51

In aerobic ATP production, the role of oxygen is to...

to keep the electron transport chain operational

to accept electrons from the 3rd cytochrome and thereby oxidizing it so it can accept new electrons

act as a oxidizing agent by accepting electrons from the electron transport chain and combining with hydrogen ions (protons)

all of the above

Question 50

Glucose is necessary for fatty acid oxidation because...

its derivative, pyruvate, is condensated with carbonic acid to form oxaloacetate, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle

it is needed to convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA which in turn is oxidized to acetyl CoA

glucose is decarboxylated into cytochrome oxidase which is a necessary intermediate in the citric acid cycle

its derivative, acetyl CoA, is condensated with carbonic acid to form lactase, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle

1. C6H12O6 + 6O2 Ã 6CO2 + 6H2O Glucose is being _____ to _____ and oxygen is being _____ to _____. a. oxidized; carbon dioxide; reduced; water b. oxidized; water; reduced; carbon dioxide Incorrect c. reduced; water; oxidized; carbon dioxide d. reduced; carbon dioxide; oxidized; water

2. Which of the following stages in the breakdown of the piece of toast you had for breakfast generates the most ATP? a. the citric acid cycle Incorrect b. glycolysis c. the digestion of starch to glucose d. oxidative phosphorylation

3. Which of the following is a catabolic pathway? a. gluconeogenesis b. production of starch Incorrect c. glycolysis d. production of glycogen

4. Per molecule, the oxidation of a fatty acid results in _____ energy storage than the oxidation of glucose. a. the same b. less Incorrect c. more d. None of the above; fatty acids cannot be oxidized.

5. Of the eight reactions in the citric acid cycle, how many are oxidation-reduction reactions? a. one b. two c. three d. four e. five

6. The process of glycolysis transfers the energy in sugar molecules into the stored energy of activated carriers such as ATP and NADH. Which statement is true about glycolysis? a. Only eukaryotic organisms do glycolysis. b. The ten reactions of glycolysis are identical in all eukaryotic cells, but are different in prokaryotic cells due to their diverse metabolic strategies. Incorrect c. The ten reactions of glycolysis are identical in almost all living organisms on the planet. d. There are many ways to oxidize glucose and transfer energy into activated carriers; the diversity of organisms on the planet is reflected in the diversity of their mechanisms of glycolysis.

7. Referring to the sentence completed in #13 above, the purpose of the latter reaction (in active muscle cells) is to _____. a. accumulate lactic acid in the cell, which provides additional energy for the production of ATP Incorrect b. slow down glycolysis until oxygen becomes available again c. accelerate the Krebs cycle, which will restore the oxygen supply d. regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen

8. What are the products of the citric acid cycle? a. carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2 and GTP b. carbon dioxide, NAD+, FAD and GTP c. NADH, FADH2, and acetyl CoA Incorrect d. carbon dioxide and water

9. Which statement is true about enzymes? a. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions because they make inherently endergonic reactions exergonic. b. Each enzyme in a cell can catalyze many different chemical reactions involving chemically different substrates. Incorrect c. Enzymes can only catalyze reactions in one direction. d. After catalyzing a reaction, an enzyme is permanently altered and can no longer bind substrate. e. None of the above is true. 1

10. ∆G measures the change in free energy in a system as it converts reactant (Y) into product (X). When [X] = [Y], ∆G is equal to _____. a. RT b. ΔG° + RT c. ΔG° d. ln [X]/[Y]

11. The ∆G° for the hydrolysis of ATP is -7.3 kcal/mol. What conditions in the cell would lead to a ∆G for ATP hydrolysis of -11 kcal/mol? a. An increase in the ATP/ADP ratio b. An increase in anabolic activity in the cell c. Transport of ATP out of the compartment where the reaction is occurring Incorrect d. A decrease in the ATP/ADP ratio

12. In the first reaction of glycolysis, a phosphate transferred from ATP to a glucose molecule to produce glucose-6-phosphate and ADP. Under conditions existing in the cell, the free energy change for this reaction is -8.0 kcal/mole. Which of the following statements is true? Recall that the ∆G° for the hydrolysis of ATP is -7.3 kcal/mol. a. Glucose concentrations in the cell are always low, making this reaction more favorable than would be expected. b. This reaction is less favorable than would be expected, given the ∆G° of ATP hydrolysis. c. Glucose-6-P concentrations in the cell are very low relative to glucose concentrations, making the reaction more favorable than would be expected. d. The ∆G° for the addition of a phosphate to glucose must be -0.7 kcal/mole.

13. Protein E can bind to two different proteins, S and I. The binding reactions are described by the following equations and values: E + S --> ES Keq for ES = 10 E + I> EI Keq for EI = 2 Given the equilibrium constant values, which one of the following statements is true? a. When S is present in excess, no I molecules will bind to E. b. E binds I more tightly than S. c. The binding energy of the ES interaction is greater than that of the EI interaction. d. Changing an amino acid on the binding surface of I from a basic amino acid to an acidic one will probably make the free energy of association with E more negative.

Q1. Which of the following is false concerning the Calvin Benson Cycle.

A. Utilizes both NADPH and ATP

B. Requires ribulose bisphophate carboxylase

C. Is responsible for the fixation of carbon dioxide.

D. Oxidize carbons

E. All of the above are true

Q2. Concerning the avian-adapted, highly pathogenic strain of H5N1 (called HPAI A(H5N1), for "highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of type A of subtype H5NI"), which of the following is false:

A. Cause "avian influenza" or simply "bird flu"

B. Has resulted in death of many millions of chickens and birds

C. Has resulted in recent deaths of many hundred thousands of exposed humans.

D. Endemic in many bird populations.

E. All of the above are true

Q3. Which of the following is mismatched concerning microscopy.

A. SEM: 3D representatio of surface features of cells and other objects, individual components in microbial communities, microbial environmental interactions.

B. Confocal: uses laser light sources to scan differentilly lableded specimens producing 3D images assembled by a computer.

C. Darkfield: can visualize living spirochetes in wetmounts, motility of celss in wet mounts.

D. Differential Interference Phase Contrast: Similar to phase contrast but adds prisms providing additional detail and quasi-3D effect.

E. Limit of resolution human eye (conventional light microscopy): 0.2 mm (2nm)

Q4. Which of the following is the correct decreasing order in resistance to heat and chemicals?

A. Protozoan cysts - prions - endospores - fungi - mycobacteria - lipid viruses - E.Coli

B. Endospores - prions - fungi - mycobacteria - protozoan cysts - E.Coli - lipid viruses

C. Endospores - prions - protozoan cysts - fungi - mycobacteria - lipid viruses - E. Coli

D. Prions - endospores - mycobacteria - protozoan cysts - fungi - E.Coli - lipid viruses

E. Prions - endospores - mycobacteria - fungi - protozoan cysts - lipid viruses - E.Coli

Q5. What is false concerning capnophiles?

A. mammalian cells in culture

B. Neisseria

C. Have a requirement for increased carbon dioxide

D. Hemophilus

E. All of the above are true

Q6. Which of the following is false concerning Biosafety Levels?

A. Requirments for facilities increase from BSL- 1 to BSL- 4

B. PPE increses from BSL- 1 to BSL- 4

C. BSL- 4 agents have no vaccines and treatments and include Ebola and Marburg viruses

D. BSL- 3 agents include Vibrio cholerae, Corynebacterium diphtheriase & Borrelia burdorferi

E. all of the above are true.

Q7. Which of the following would be the most likely and available choice for sterilizing heat labile liquids in different research and teaching labs at a school, while still retaining the materials in a useable state?

A. Membrane filtration

B. Gamma radiation

C. Autoclaving

D. Hot air oven

E. HEPA filter

Q8. In the aerobic metabolism of proteins by chemoheterotrophs (e.g., E.Coli and you)

A. Proteins are broken down into smaller prptides and eventually into amino acids by proteses (peptidases)

B. Certain amino acids may be converted to pyruvate

C. Certain amino acids may be converted to intermediates (e.g. oxaloacetate) of the Krebs cycle.

D. Certain amino acids may be converted to acetyl-CoA

E. All of the above are true.

Q9. Which of the following would be the most effective for sterilizing air in a hospital surgical suite during an operation?

A. Membrane Filtration

B. Ethylene oxide gas

C. Autoclaving

D. HEPA filtration

E. Gamma irradiation

Q10. The "roadblock" to continued oxidation of glucose in fermentations is bypassed through production of fermentation products for the purpose of

A. oxidation of NAD+ back to NADH

B. reduction of NAD+ back to NADH

C. reduction of NADH back to NAD+

D. oxidation of NADH back to NAD+

E. generating additional ATPs beyond that produced by glycolysis.

Q11. Which of the following is used in hand sanitizing soaps purchased from your local HEB?

A. Formaldehyde

B. Glutaraldehyde

C. Triclosan

D. Mercury

E. 5% hypochlorite

Q12. Enteric plating media (e.g., MacMonkey and EMB agars) have which sugar and a pH indicator to distinguish coliforms from non coliforms?

A. Glucose

B. Sucrose

C. Lactose

D. Maltose

E. Fructose

Q13. Normal antimicrobial therapy for active tuberculosis involves:

A. one drug for 10 days

B. two or more drugs for 10 days

C. one drug for at least 6 months

D. three or four drugs for at least 6 months

E. six or more drugs for at least 3 years.

Can you guys help me answer these questions please!!!