Pharmacology 2060A/B Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism, Drug Metabolism, Intestinal Villus
9 Aug 2013
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Drug legislation: therapeutic products directorate - traditional drugs, biologics and genetic therapies directorate - hormones and antibodies, natural health products directorate - herbals, vitamins, minerals. Physiological barriers to drug transport - intestinal villi, tight junctions. Crossing the cell membrane: direct penetration - must be lipid soluble, through ion channels and pores - must be small; eg. sodium, potassium, lithium, drug transporters. Uptake - move drugs from outside to inside cell. Efflux - move drugs from inside to outside cell; present in intestine, placenta, kidney, and bbb. Ions - net charge; pass through ion channels or pores: polar molecules - water soluble; uneven distribution of charge; no net charge, quaternary ammonium compounds - at least on n atom; positive charge; unable to cross membrane. Ionizable molecules - can be charged or uncharged; weak acids or bases. Ion trapping - drugs accumulate on side of membrane where they"re ionized because ionized drugs can"t cross cell membrane.
