Philosophy 1200 Study Guide - Final Guide: Deductive Reasoning, Logical Form, Mpeg-1 Audio Layer I

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Inference: active process of reasoning; connecting thoughts creating relationships between them. Inference indicators: words that indicate that one thought is meant to support another. Statement: a sentence used to make a claim that is capable of being true or false. Argument: a set of statements that claim one or more of the statements (premise), support another of them (conclusion). Logical strength: when the premise(s) supports the conclusion. Deductive argument: truth of premise guarantees the truth of the conclusion. Inductive argument: truth of premises does not guarantee, but implies/ makes possible the truth of conclusion. Sound argument: maximum logical strength (premises flow with conclusion) premises and conclusion is/are true, a property of an argument as a whole. Challenges: (1) finding meaning of argument, understand clearly. (2) Determining the truth or falsity of statements. (3) difficulty accessing argument & inferences. Counterfactual arguments: an argument with a premise known or assumed to be false at least one premise is a counterfactual statement.

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