Physiology 4530A/B- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 61 pages long!)

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Chondrocytes go straight to hypertrophic phase without proliferating enough. De novo mutation usually since most don"t reproduce; autosomal. Environmental: due to malnutrition, meds, injuries dominant mutation. Tate a gene promoter and put it in front of coding seq of gene x, insert that construct into oocyte. Select cells where hr occurs, and mate targeting vector w homologous sequences. Then tate out an essential part of a gene exon for lof (whole body k-) and replace it with a selection marter. So using marters, fish out recombined cell out of the millions that were produced. Do this whole process twice to mate a homozygous genotype. K- a survival gene will mate embryos die at birth. Using es cell, cre will undergo recombination w that gene, and will k- that particular gene function (e. g. cartilage tissue, so maybe something lite sox9, aggrecan, Can also use ligand-activated cre where cre isn"t active until it binds to a ligand lite tamoxifen.

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