Political Science 1020E Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Axiom A, Independent Community And Health Concern, Metastasis
4 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Migrant Patterns & CHD
● The most traditional group of Japanese-Americans had a coronary heart disease
prevalence as low as Japan.
● The group that was most acculturated to Western culture had a 3-5 fold excess in CHD
prevalence.
● Japan has lower levels of coronary heart disease
○ However, if you migrate, you adopt the risk prevalence of where you move
to
ENVIRONMENT & HERITABILITY OF BODY HEIGHT
● Heritability of height is the proportion of variance, across individuals, due to genetic
factors.
○ Anglo-American studies= 0.80
○ West Africa=0.56
● A recent Finnish twin study, based on 3466 identical and 7450 fraternal adult twin-pairs,
examined changes in the heritability of height over several decades, as Finnish life
changed greatly
● When we don’t have adequate nutrition, our heights are shorter
○ If we do have proper nutrition, our height is determined by our genetics
Social Environment
Regulatory Environments
Physical Environment
● Not being outdoors during the winter
Weather
● levels of physical activity vary with seasonality
● the ensuing effect of poor or extreme weather has been identified as a barrier to
participation in physical activity
Stress & Conflict
Thinking About Causes
● Not all causes can be explained by individual factors….even though they may occur
at the individual level
● Need to consider and intervene at the broader population or environmental level.
Principle 3:
➔ Interventions should be implemented and evaluated based upon population
impact
Population Impact
find more resources at oneclass.com
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● Population Impact of an intervention = Reach x Effectiveness
● EFFECTIVENESS
○ Magnitude of benefit under “real world” conditions.
● EFFICACY
○ Magnitude of benefit under clinical trials.
● REACH
○ The number of people exposed to the intervention.
■ Clinical intervention
■ Group counselling
Schools
Media Campaigns
Changes to the natural & built environment
● Bike lanes
● Urban planning
Economic Policies
● Incentives
● Taxation Price
Intervention Objectives
● Provide incentives to individual change
● Reduce barriers and increase cues to healthy behaviours
○ E.g., green spaces in urban areas, product labeling, nutrition information on
foods, health warnings on cigarettes
● Development of personal resources
○ E.g. information & skills
★ Intervention objectives don’t require individuals to change on their own
● Examples:
○ Regulating product design (fireproofing children’s clothing)
○ Limiting conditions of sale (liquor store hours)
○ Changes to physical environment (roadway safety)
○ Mandatory water sanitation
○ UK announced that they’ll raise the tax on foods w/ a lot of sugar
■ Money greatly affects the purchasing of stuff
○ UK pint glasses shatter completely to prevent jagged edges
○ Speed bumps in cigarettes to prevent house fires
Levels of Prevention
● Point in the disease process at which the intervention occurs.
➢ Tertiary Prevention
○ Aims to reduce morbidity associated with an established disease process.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The most traditional group of japanese-americans had a coronary heart disease prevalence as low as japan. The group that was most acculturated to western culture had a 3-5 fold excess in chd prevalence. Japan has lower levels of coronary heart disease. However, if you migrate, you adopt the risk prevalence of where you move to. Heritability of height is the proportion of variance, across individuals, due to genetic factors. A recent finnish twin study, based on 3466 identical and 7450 fraternal adult twin-pairs, examined changes in the heritability of height over several decades, as finnish life changed greatly. When we don"t have adequate nutrition, our heights are shorter. If we do have proper nutrition, our height is determined by our genetics. Weather levels of physical activity vary with seasonality the ensuing effect of poor or extreme weather has been identified as a barrier to participation in physical activity.
