Political Science 1020E Study Guide - Final Guide: Oligarchy, Constitutionalism, Judicial Independence

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Parties: tied to modern, representative democracy (when parties come into existence) Parties appear on their own because people feel a need for them. Interest groups: do not try to win elections, but parties do try to win elections and try to govern requires wide-ranging program. Competition between parties leads them to try to appeal in a broad sense for a variety of issues. Cadre: part of the elite that surface in 19th c that form around a major aristocrat, to win campaign and then reorganize (disappeared) Vanguard: those possessed with knowledge that allows them to govern. Mass: come into existence in response with the emergence of industrialization, potential for mobilizing, can contend with cadre because they can organize the people and draw do"s from the established elites. Right wing: maintenance of order, limited change. Party functions: many scholars discovered that even the most equal parties change.