Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Prenatal Hormones And Sexual Orientation, Estrous Cycle, Prefrontal Cortex

• School: Western University
• Department: Psychology
• Course: Psychology 1000
• Professor: Terry Biggs

Document Summary

Instinct: inherited predisposition to behave in a specific way when exposed to particular stimuli. Modern evolutionary psychology: adaptive significance- motivation to engage in survival promoting behaviour. Drive theory (clark hull): attempts to reduce changes when homeostasis is interrupted. Reducing drives is the ultimate goal of motivated behaviour. Incentives: (cid:396)ep(cid:396)ese(cid:374)t e(cid:374)(cid:448)i(cid:396)o(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)tal sti(cid:373)uli that (cid:862)pull(cid:863) a(cid:374) o(cid:396)ga(cid:374)is(cid:373) to(cid:449)a(cid:396)ds a goal. Expectancy theory (expectancy x value theory): goal-directed behaviour is determined by two fa(cid:272)to(cid:396)s: the st(cid:396)e(cid:374)gth of the pe(cid:396)so(cid:374)"s e(cid:454)pe(cid:272)tatio(cid:374) that pa(cid:396)ti(cid:272)ula(cid:396) (cid:271)eha(cid:448)iou(cid:396)s (cid:449)ill lead to a goal, and the value the individual places on that goal (incentive value) Extrinsic motivation: performing an activity to get external reward or avoid punishment. Intrinsic motivation: performing an activity for its own sake (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause it"s e(cid:374)jo(cid:455)a(cid:271)le. Overjustification hypothesis: giving extrinsic rewards to perform activities that they intrinsically enjoy may over justify the behaviour and reduce intrinsic motivation. It (cid:449)ill (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ge f(cid:396)o(cid:373) (cid:862)pla(cid:455)(cid:863) to (cid:862)(cid:449)o(cid:396)k(cid:863) if gi(cid:448)e(cid:374) e(cid:454)t(cid:396)i(cid:374)si(cid:272) (cid:396)e(cid:449)a(cid:396)ds.