Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Restrictiveness, Diana Baumrind, Parenting Styles
4 Jun 2018
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Behaviour in a Social Context
Social Relations:
• There are 4 types of social relations – attraction, prejudice, altruism, aggression
Affiliation and Interpersonal Attraction:
• Humans are social beings who affiliate
• Through evolution, individuals predisposed to affiliate were mote likely to survive and
reproduce
• Craig Hill says we affiliate for 4 reasons: to obtain positive stimulation, to receive
emotional support, to gain attention, and to permit social comparison
• Social comparison – comparing our beliefs, feelings and behaviours to those of other
people
o Helps us judge our own cognitive and physical abilities
• People with a high need for affiliation show a stronger psychological sense of community
– the feeling of being part of a larger collective
Initial Attraction:
• We usually interact with people in close proximity – it increases the chances of frequent
encounters
• Mere exposure effect – repeated exposure to a stimulus typically increases our liking
for it
• People are usually more attractive to people that are like themselves
• Opposites usually repel each other
• People usually find beautiful people more desirable than unattractive people
• We assume attractive people have more positive personality characteristics than
unattractive people
• Media also reinforces this stereotype
• Matching effect – we are most likely to have a partner with a similar level of physical
attractiveness
What Do Men and Women Seek in a Mate?
• Men prefer younger women and women prefer older men
• Men place value on physically attractiveness of their mate and good domestic skills
• Women place a greater value on earning potential, status, and ambitiousness
• Social structure theory – men and women display different mating preferences
because society directs them into different social roles
• Social penetration theory – relationships progress as interactions between people
become broader and deeper
• Social exchange theory – the course of a relationship also is governed by rewards and
costs that the partners experience
• Outcomes of relationships are evaluated against 2 standards – the comparison level: the
outcome the person expected, this influences the persons satisfaction, and the
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