Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Theory Of Planned Behavior, Cognitive Dissonance, Impression Formation
4 Jun 2018
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Behaviour in a Social Context
Culture and Attribution:
• Culture influences how one sees their physical and social world
• In studies conducted with both Asian and American or European cultures, the findings
showed that those who thought more holistically took more information into account
when making attributions
Forming & Maintaining Impressions:
• We constantly form impressions on other people and we are constantly forming
impressions about others
• Attributions play a role in impression formation – do behaviours say something about
the person?
Primacy vs. Recency: Are First Impressions More Important?
• When forming impressions, the primacy effect refers to our tendency to attach more
importance to the initial information that we learn about a person
• New information can alter opinions, but it has to work harder to overcome initial
impressions
o Because: We tend to be more alert when we first meet someone, and initial
information may shape how we perceive subsequent information
• Evolutionary psychologists suggest that we have a capacity to form judgments based on
small amount of initial information is adaptive and for our survival
Mental Sets and Schemas: Seeing What We Expect to See
• Whether perceiving objects or people, the same stimulus can be seen in different ways
• Our mental set shapes how we interpret a stimulus
• Stereotype – generalized belief about a group or category – a powerful type of schema
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies: Creating What We Expect to See
• Self fulfilling prophecy – occurs usually without consciousness awareness, when
people’s erroneous expectations lead them to act towards others in a way that brings
about the expected behaviours – confirms their initial impression
• When interacting with others, our initial expectations can influence how we behave
towards them and therefore shape their behaviours in a way that confirms our
expectations
Attitudes and Attitude Change:
• Our attitudes help define our identity, guide our actions, and influence how we judge
people
• Attitude – a positive or negative evaluative reaction towards a stimulus, such as a
person, object, action, or concept
• Sometimes our attitudes are supported by an extensive personal belief and value
system
Do Our Attitudes Influence Our Behaviour?
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