Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Old Age, Fluid And Crystallized Intelligence, Spatial Memory

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Peer and Friendship Relationships
Friends become very important in adolescence and adolescents spend more time with
peers than doing almost any other activity
It may be more prevalent in the U.S and Canada, because in Europe and Asia teens
general place a stronger emphasis on family relationships
Adolescents are most likely to choose peers similar to themselves and have stronger,
more intimate relationships with them than with their past friends
Over the high school years, the amount of time spent in groups decreases and the
amount of time spent with individual friends increases
Peer relationships play a role in establishing ones identity and separation from parents
Peers can strongly influence a teenager’s values and behaviours
Peer pressure can influence teenager’s to engage in bad behaviours, but pressure to
avoid doing what is wrong has even a stronger influence, and closeness to parents also
helps teenager’s resist peer pressure
Adulthood:
When observing any drop on performance due to age, it’s difficult to disentangle age
effects from disease, lack of use, drug abuse, and other potentially confounding factors
Physical Development:
Young adults are at the peak of their physical, sexual, and perceptual functioning
Maximum muscle strength is reached at 25-30
Vision, hearing, reaction time, and coordination are at peak levels in the early to mid-
twenties
Many physical capacities decline in the mid-thirties, but it is not noticeable until the
later years
Muscles become weaker and stiffer, especially among sedentary people
After 40 years, the basal metabolic rate, the rate at which the resting body converts
food into energy, slows and produces a tendency to gain weight
Around 0 yrs women’s ovaries stop producing estrogen and experience menopause
Men’s fertility gradually declines in middle age
The physical changes of middle adulthood become more pronounced in late adulthood
By age 70 the fat muscle body mass may be 50:50, whereas fat content was only 20%
At age 90, the brain of a healthy adult has lost 5-10% of its early adult weight, due to the
normal loss of neurons that occurs as we grow older
Cognitive Development:
Several theorists disagree with Piaget’s belief that the formal operational stage is the
last, and argue that there is a 5th stage called post-formal thought:
o People can reason logically about opposing points of views and accept
contradictions and irreconcilable differences. They realize that life has many
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PSYCH 1000 Full Course Notes
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PSYCH 1000 Full Course Notes
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