Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Safe Sex, Type A And Type B Personality Theory, The Strongest
Psychological Techniques for Controlling Pain and Suffering:
Cognitive Strategies:
• 2 classes: dissociation and association
• Dissociative strategy – dissociating, or distracting oneself from the painful sensory
input. This can be done by directing attention to other features of the external situation,
or by repeating a thought or word to your self.
o Proven to be most effective with a great deal of concentration
• Associative strategy – Focus attention on the physical sensations and study them in a
detached and unemotional fashion. When pain is intense this strategy can be better
than the other (usually when pain is too difficult to ignore).
o One strategy is to use the Dissociative technique, but once the pain is too intense
switch to the associative strategy
Hospital Intervention: Giving Patients Informational Control:
• Knowing the info relayed to a painful stimuli can provide a kind of cognitive control
because it tells us what to expect
• For example, after an operation it may be helpful to be aware of sensory information –
knowing what you will feel after the operation. Pain described would be seen as a
normal consequence of the surgery and part of the recovery process as opposed to a
sign of danger
• Procedural Information – helps you understand what is being done and why. This gives
a sense of predictability and control
• Coping guidance – how to handle the pain or other complications from the surgery or
cognitive processes to help deal with the pain during the recovery process
• Surgical patient’s that are informed in these areas show better recovery and require
less pain medication than those treated in a traditional fashion – seen especially in
children
A Key Behavioural Strategy: Becoming Active Again:
• Recovering patients who avoid activity and become overly protective of an injured body
part are at risk for developing a chronic pain condition
• It is important to return to activity after a injury as soon as the healing process will
allow
• With disuse, the eventual use of the musculoskeletal system is painful
• It is better to become active once an injury is healed
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention:
• Behaviour plays a crucial role in health maintenance
• Health Psychology – studies psychological and behavioural factors in the prevention
and treatment of illness and in the maintenance of health.
• By modifying health behaviour illness can be prevented, which can result in both
financial savings and the avoidance of illness-produced distress
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