Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Job Enrichment, Motivation, Goal Setting
4 Jun 2018
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Sexual Orientation
▪ Sexual Orientation- one’s emotional and erotic preference for partners of a
particular sex
Prevalence of Different Sexual Orientations
▪ Sexual orientation has three dimensions
o Self-identity – what you claim to be
o Sexual attraction – who you are attracted to
o Actual sexual behaviour – who you are sexually active with
Determinants of Sexual Orientation
▪ One psychodynamic view proposed that male homosexuality develops when boys
grow up with a weak, ineffectual father and identify with a domineering mother
▪ Behaviourists suggested that homosexuality was a conditioned response, developed
by associating adolescent sexual urges with the presence of same-sex peers
▪ In a survey conducted, even in childhood, homosexual men and women felt that they
were somehow different from their same-sex peers
▪ At present, many researchers believe that human sexual orientation has genetic
roots
▪ The closer the genetic relatedness, the higher the concordance rates for sexual
behaviour
▪ According to one view, the brain develops a neural pattern that predisposes
organisms to prefer either female or male sex partners, depending upon whether
prenatal sex hormone activity follows a masculine or feminine path
▪ Several biological factors, or a biological predisposition and socialization
experiences may combine to determine our sexual orientation
▪ Also possible that heredity affects sexual orientation only indirectly by influencing
children’s basic personality style
▪ There may be multiple paths toward developing a sexual orientation, and the paths
for men and women may be differ
ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION
▪ Need for Achievement- the desire to accomplish tasks and attain standards of
excellence. A relatively stable personality characteristic that energizes and guides
our achievement behaviour
Motivation for Success: The Thrill of Victory
▪ People can strive to succeed for two radically different reasons:
o Motive for success
▪ Attracted to the thrill of victory that comes about from mastering
skills of outperforming other people
▪ Students with a high motivation for success focus on mastery foals
and performance-approach goals
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Document Summary
Sexual orientation: sexual orientation- one"s emotional and erotic preference for partners of a particular sex. Prevalence of different sexual orientations: sexual orientation has three dimensions, self-identity what you claim to be, sexual attraction who you are attracted to, actual sexual behaviour who you are sexually active with. Achievement motivation: need for achievement- the desire to accomplish tasks and attain standards of excellence. A relatively stable personality characteristic that energizes and guides our achievement behaviour. Study hard, and thinking about the material deeply, and have better long-term retention: performance-approach goals involve social comparisons. Anxiety makes it difficult to process information effectively. It is the individuals perception of task uncertainty that counts. Individualistic cultures (na and europe) tend to stress personal achievement. In collectivistic japan, traditional business organizations adopt a concept of kaizen (continuously allow improvement: workers are strongly motivated by loyalty to their managers and the organization. Job feedback the job provides clear feedback about performance: skill variety effectiveness schedules.
