Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Brain Size, Parietal Lobe, Motor Coordination
4 Jun 2018
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Standardization and Norms
• Standardization – creating a well-controlled environment for administering the
intelligence test so other factors won’t influence the scores
• Standardization involves the collection of norms, or test results derived from a large
sample that represents particular age segments of the population.
o They provide a basis for interpreting a given individual’s score
• Scores usually form a bell-shaped curve called normal distribution, with most scores
clustering in the middle.
The Nature of Intelligence:
• Psychometric approach – attempts to map the structure of intellect and to specify the
kinds of mental ability that underlie test performance.
• Cognitive processes approach – studies the specific thought processes that underlie
mental competencies
The Psychometric Approach: The Structure of Intellect
• Psychometrics – the statistical study of psychological tests
• Standardization, reliability, and validity are all psychometric concepts
• Tries to identify and measure the abilities that underlie individual differences in
performance on intellectual tests
• Tries to produce a measurement-based map of the mind
• Factor analysis – analyzes patterns of correlations between test scores in order to
discover clusters of measures that correlate highly with one another but not with
measures in other clusters
The G Factor: intelligence as general mental capacity:
• Spearman believed that intellectual performance is determined partly by general
intelligence, and partly by whatever special abilities might be required to perform that
particular task
Intelligence as specific mental abilities:
• Thurstone believed that human mental performance depends not on a general factor,
but rather on seven distinct abilities – primal mental abilities
Crystallized and Fluid Intelligence:
• Horn and Cattel – Crystallized intelligence – the ability to apply previously acquired
knowledge to current problems (vocabulary and information tests). Depends on the
ability to retrieve information and previously learned problem solving schemas from
long-term memory
• Fluid intelligence – the ability to deal with novel problem-solving situations for which
personal experience does not provide a solution. Involves inductive reasoning and
creative problem-solving skills (working-short term memory)
Multiple Intelligences: beyond mental competencies
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Document Summary
Standardization involves the collection of norms, or test results derived from a large. The g factor: intelligence as general mental capacity: spearman believed that intellectual performance is determined partly by general intelligence, and partly by whatever special abilities might be required to perform that particular task. Depends on the ability to retrieve information and previously learned problem solving schemas from long-term memory: fluid intelligence the ability to deal with novel problem-solving situations for which personal experience does not provide a solution. Involves inductive reasoning and creative problem-solving skills (working-short term memory) 6 distinct varieties in intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, visual-spatial, musical, body-kinesthetic, personal regulate and controls ones own emotional responses: savants extremely intelligent in one area of intelligence. Emotional intelligence: emotional intelligence the ability to read others emotions accurately, to respond to them appropriately, to motivate oneself, to be aware of one"s own emotions, and to. Analytical academically oriented problem solving skills: 2.
